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Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 > Mood Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Mood Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Addiction

A

overwhelming compulsion/repetitive drug-taking behavior despite consequences (health/social)

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2
Q

Substance Dependence

A

physical and psychological dependence

can’t stop taking a drug

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3
Q

increased levels of dopamine

A

^feelings of well/being, exhilaration/pleasure

dependence

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4
Q

body held in depressive state

A

(alcohol)
decreased GABA release
withdrawal/tolerance

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5
Q

NT Intoxication

A

^ GABA (sedation/loss of balance/no inhibitions)
^ Epinephrine (hypertension)
decreased L glutamic acid (memory disruption)
^ serotonin (sedation/euphoria)
^ dopamine (mood elevation)

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6
Q

NT Withdrawal

A 
D GABA (anxiety/insomnia/seizures)
^ Epinephrine (htn, tachycardia)
^ glutamic acid (delirium/seizures)
D Serotonin (insomnia, mood disorder)
D Dopamine (dysphoria)
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7
Q

Addiction Agent/Drug Factors

A 
cost
availability
dose
mode of administration 
length of drug use
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8
Q

Impossible to predict

A

if a person will develop substance abuse

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9
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

onset manifestation 24- 72 hours after drinking cessation

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10
Q

Effects of alcohol

A 
enhances GABA
decreases Glutamate
increases dopamine
interrupts sleep
liver failure
hypoglycemia
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11
Q

Mild alcohol withdrawal

A

insomnia, irritability ha nausea

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12
Q

moderate alcohol withdrawal

A

tremors

ansiety insomnia nausea confusion sweating

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13
Q

severe alcohol withdrawal

A 
uncontrollable shaking
agitaiton
vomiting
sweating
hallucinations
seizures
death
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14
Q

Alcohol Heavy use

A

chronic malnutrition
cancer
hormonal changes
brain tissue loss from alc0hol toxicity

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15
Q

organic brain syndrome

A

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

chronic alocholism = thiamine deficiency = brain tissue ischemia/death

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16
Q

wernicke’s syndrome

A

acute confusion
ataxia
opthalmoplegia (weakness of eye muscles)

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17
Q

korsakoff’s syndrome

A

amnesia
psychosis
confabulation (misinterpreted memories)

18
Q

delirium tremens

A

long term alcohol use
hallucinations confusion disoreintation
medical emergency
peaks 24-48 hours

19
Q

tx alcohol withdrawal

A

benzodiazepines (diazepam/lorazepam)

anti seizure meds

20
Q

Disulfiram

A

aldehyde hydrogenase inhibitor

creates sickness if drinking alcohol

21
Q

disulfiram se/bbw/contra/interx/preg

A

hepatitis, liver failure, optic neuritis, DISULFIRAM RXN: severe n/v, hypotension, palpitations, vertigo
never admin while intoxicated/without full knowledge
contra: metronidazole, psychoses, severe MI, coronary occlusion
interx: metronidazole, omeprazole (confusion), phenytoin (ataxia, hyperreflexia, nystagmus, tremors)
B

22
Q

Nicotine Effects

A

activation specific areas of brain (visual attention/arousal/motor activation)
stimulation AND sedation
impaired reproductive health (miscarriage, bad for mom/baby)
tachycardia, htn, increased respiration
hoarse voice, stained nails/teeth

23
Q

Nicotine withdrawal

A 
irritability frustration anger
anxiety
difficulty concentrating
ha
increased appetite
restlessness
increased hr/bp
depressed mood
insomnia
24
Q

tobacco cessation meds

A

buporpion

varenicline

25
Q

varenicline

A

smoking cessation agent

prevents nicotine from binding/acts as agonist

26
Q

varenicline se/contra/interx

A

constipation, farting, nausea/vom, dream disorder, ha, insomnia
serious se: angina, mi, cva, sleepwalking, vision changes, depression, hostile behavior, mood disorder, suicide ideation
contra: history of hypersensitivty
interx: amantadine, cimetidine, cisplatin, lamivudine, metformin, rantidine

27
Q

cannabis withdrawal

A

cessation of frequent/prolonged cannabis usage
>3 s/s over 1 week
irritability restlessness, insomnia, tremors, chills, weight loss

28
Q

cardiovascular consequences of cocaine

A

sns effects
effect on cardiomyocytes
vasculature effects

29
Q

stimulant withdrawal

A

mental depression/anxiety

extreme fatigue/hunger

30
Q

hallucinogens

A

all schedule 1 drugs (cannot be prescribed)
rarely observed withdrawal
psychological dependence but no physical though can develop tolerance

31
Q

stimulant moa

A

cross blood brain barrier

rapid onset of effects

32
Q

opioid withdrawal symptoms

A 
serious bu tno life-threatening
diaphoresis
restlessness
pinpoint pupils
agitation 
goose pumps
violent yawning
orthostatic hypotension 
muscle spasms
weight loss
33
Q

naloxone/naltrexone

A

opioid antagonist

tx overdose of opiate

34
Q

naloxone/naltrexone se/contra/interactions/preg

A 
dizziness, irritated injection site, ha
serious: cardiac arrest, htn, hypotension, tachycardia, v-fib, v-tach, coma, encephalopathy, seizure, pulmonary edema, abrupt opioid withdrawal
contra: hypersensitivity to naloxone
interx: w/ clonidine: htn
caution with cardiotoxic drugs
c
35
Q

metadone

A

opioid maintenance therapy

36
Q

metadonese/bbw/contra/interx/preg

A

hypotension, diaphoresis, constipation, n/v
severe: prolonged qt, torsades, adrenal insufficiency, hypoglycemia, anaphylaxis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory arrest, drug dependence, serotonin syndrome
bbw: serious arrhythmia, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
contra: acute bronchial asthma, paralytic ilius, GI obstruction, respiratory depression
intx: QT prolonging meds
c

37
Q

Buprenorphine

A

tx opioid dependence

pain

38
Q

Buprenorphine se/bbw/contra/interx

A

sweating, ab pain, constipation, n/v, ha, sedation, somnolence, vertigo, miosis
severe: hypotension, mi, prolonged qt, adrenal insufficiency, hepatits, anaphylaxis, seizure, resp depression
bbw: abuse/misuse can cause death/overdose
contra: gi obstruction/resp depres/bronchial asthma
interx: litium, amphetamines: serotonin syndrome
meds w/ prolong qt interval

39
Q

buprenorphine w/ naloxone

A

balances each other out
reduces addiction hopefully
initiates withdrawal if injected

40
Q

buprenorphine w/ naloxone se/contra/interx

A 
hyperhidrosis (diaphoresis)
abdominal pain
constipation ha
insomnia
drug withdrawal
serious: hepatits, anaphylaxis, serotonin syndrome, cns depression 
contra: hypersensitivity to buprenorphine/naloxone
inter: meds that prolong qt interval

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology 2 (27 decks)

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