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AICP > Statistics, Census, GIS-Maps > Flashcards

Statistics, Census, GIS-Maps Flashcards

1
Q

definition / population

A

the group you want to generalize to

entire set of persons with at least one common characteristic

sample selected from population

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2
Q

definition / sample

A

subset of population

too expensive and time consuming to collect data on entire population66

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3
Q

UD Decennial Census

A

attempts to count every person in short for m

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4
Q

what makes a survey valid statistically

A

must employ a method everyone has a measureable chance of being selected

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5
Q

definition / sampling error

A

error expected in probability sampling

composed of population parameter
sample size
standard error

difference than bias

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6
Q

what is typical margin of error

A

in simple cases, margin of error in a sample with 95% confidence equals

1/ sqrt(x) with x being number of respondents

i.e 1,000 samples - 0.0316

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7
Q

definition / sampling frame

A

listing of the accessible population from which you’ll draw your sample

example - phone book

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8
Q

non-probability sampling (two types)

A

non-probability sampling…convenience sampling - only those who are accessible
volunteer sampling - people volunteer to be sampled

ok for descriptive results, introduces bias

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9
Q

probability sampling (4 types)

A

simple random - each individual has equal chance of being selected

systematic - every xth individual is selected from list, starting at randomly chosen point

stratified - population may have two or more groups in study. provides best results because it ensures even coverage of population but maintains random selection probabilities

cluster - used when stratified or simple random sampling would be difficult and/or expensive

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10
Q

definition / mode

A

most frequent score in a distribution, can have more than 1, can be bi-modal

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11
Q

definition / mean

A

sum of scores divided by number of scores

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12
Q

definition / median

A

number occurring in middle

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13
Q

definition / range

A

difference between highest and lowest score

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14
Q

variance

A

measure of how spread out a distribution is

average squared deviation of each number

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15
Q

standard deviation

A

square root of variance

68% within 1 standard deviation

95% should be within 2 standard deviations

99% within 3 standard deviations

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16
Q

definition/dependent variable

A

the fact the researcher is interested in explaining (number of trips)

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17
Q

definition/independent variable

A

variable used to explain variation (GFA, number of units)

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18
Q

definition/ bias

A

difference between expected value of an estimator and real value of the parameter

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19
Q

sampling error vs bias

A

sampling error is natural consequence of sample size being smaller than population

bias is due to faulty design of survey. not a result of sample size so increasing sample size will not reduce bias in estimates

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20
Q

two categories of bias

A

measurement bias - due to errors in sampling

non representative sampling bias - also known as selection bias due to not random methods during selection. convenience sampling often happens here. can happen when non responses from certain groups is significant.

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21
Q

measurement bias (3 causes)

A

error occurring when recording data

intentionally asking leading questions, framing question in way to lead responses

inadvertent false responses by respondents (d0n’t understand q)

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22
Q

definition / snowball sample

A

picks up samples on the way. asking participants to suggest someone who might want to participate

23
Q

census / 2000 census surveys (2)

A

short form - 100%
long form - 1 in 6 hh

24
Q

census / 2010

A

short-form 100%
long form discontinued
acs used in place of long form

25
Q

short form questions

A

number of persons in HH
household owned or rented
demographics of people in household

26
Q

ACS

A

ongoing survey that provides data every year

measure changing and social and economic characteristics

only have a 1 year and 5 year estimates

1 year estimate is data for areas of 65,000. less reliable than 3 and 5, for analyzing large populations

5 year data for all areas, good for small populations, more reliable

27
Q

Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS)

A

computer files contain records for a sample of housing units with information on characteristics of each housing unit and the people in it

represent 1/1000, 1% and 5% samples of housing units

28
Q

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

A

one city

50,000 or more population

or census defined urbanized area with 100,000_

29
Q

Consolidated MSA

A

must meet MSA standard and have population of 1,000,000 or more

18 CMSAs in USA

30
Q

Urbanized Area

A

densely settled area with population of 50,000 or more

geographic core of blocks with population density of 1,000 per sq. m

31
Q

Blocks

A

smallest unit of 100% tabulation data. average size 100 ppl

32
Q

Block Groups

A

smallest area for which sample data are available. usually 1,500 people, 300-3,000

33
Q

census tracts

A

about 4,000 people

34
Q

census trends (6)

A

south shifting population
browning of America
intermarriage increase
graying of America
gender shift
more grandparent headed households

35
Q

population pyramid

A

based in 5 year increments
female on right, male on left

36
Q

Gompertz growth curve

A

non-linear s curve
assumes growth begins slowly, increases momentum, reaches inflection point, then slows in increments

37
Q

comparative method

A

based upon past trends in a different area (pattern area)

two cities have historically grown the same way

38
Q

ratio method / shift share

A

assumes relationship between local area and larger area are constant

also called shift share

39
Q

fastest growing state between 2000 and 2010

A

Nevada

40
Q

one state that declined from 2000 to 2010

A

detroid

41
Q

biggest numeric increase from 2000 to 2010

A

texas

42
Q

fastest growing metro area 2000 to 2010

A

palm coast Florida

43
Q

what was years of baby boomers

A

1946 to 1964

44
Q

GIS Mapping Standard Colors for:
Industry
Low dens residential
high dens residential
retail, commercial
institution, public
recreation
utilities

A

industry is purple
low d res is yellow
high d res is brown
retail comm is red
institut public is blue
recreation is green
utilities is grey

45
Q

Metes and Bounds

A

system or method of describing land, rea

replaced by land ordinance of 1875, which began public land survey system

46
Q

how many miles in a township

A

36 square miles
each section has 640 acres

numbered in an s shape

640 acres in a square mile

47
Q

what is a standard USGS Map

A

7.5 minute by 7.5 minute, 1:24,000 squale

48
Q

1 acre in sq ft

A

43,560 sq ft

49
Q

1 township in miles

A

6 miles by 6 miles or 36 sections or 26 sq mile

50
Q

1 yard in feet in inches, feet and sq ft

A

36 inches or 3 feet

51
Q

2 hectare in acres

A

2.5 acres, roughly a square 100m or 330 ft per side

52
Q

what are the two basic types of statistical groupings

A

quantitative and qualitative

53
Q

what is a grouping of numbers with two or more modes called

A

bimodal

54
Q
A

AICP (22 decks)

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