Statistics, Census, GIS-Maps

Question 1

definition / population

Answer 1

the group you want to generalize to

entire set of persons with at least one common characteristic

sample selected from population

Question 2

definition / sample

Answer 2

subset of population

too expensive and time consuming to collect data on entire population66

Question 3

UD Decennial Census

Answer 3

attempts to count every person in short for m

Question 4

what makes a survey valid statistically

Answer 4

must employ a method everyone has a measureable chance of being selected

Question 5

definition / sampling error

Answer 5

error expected in probability sampling

composed of population parameter
sample size
standard error

difference than bias

Question 6

what is typical margin of error

Answer 6

in simple cases, margin of error in a sample with 95% confidence equals

1/ sqrt(x) with x being number of respondents

i.e 1,000 samples - 0.0316

Question 7

definition / sampling frame

Answer 7

listing of the accessible population from which you’ll draw your sample

example - phone book

Question 8

non-probability sampling (two types)

Answer 8

non-probability sampling…convenience sampling - only those who are accessible
volunteer sampling - people volunteer to be sampled

ok for descriptive results, introduces bias

Question 9

probability sampling (4 types)

Answer 9

simple random - each individual has equal chance of being selected

systematic - every xth individual is selected from list, starting at randomly chosen point

stratified - population may have two or more groups in study. provides best results because it ensures even coverage of population but maintains random selection probabilities

cluster - used when stratified or simple random sampling would be difficult and/or expensive

Question 10

definition / mode

Answer 10

most frequent score in a distribution, can have more than 1, can be bi-modal

Question 11

definition / mean

Answer 11

sum of scores divided by number of scores

Question 12

definition / median

Answer 12

number occurring in middle

Question 13

definition / range

Answer 13

difference between highest and lowest score

Question 14

variance

Answer 14

measure of how spread out a distribution is

average squared deviation of each number

Question 15

standard deviation

Answer 15

square root of variance

68% within 1 standard deviation

95% should be within 2 standard deviations

99% within 3 standard deviations

Question 16

definition/dependent variable

Answer 16

the fact the researcher is interested in explaining (number of trips)

Question 17

definition/independent variable

Answer 17

variable used to explain variation (GFA, number of units)

Question 18

definition/ bias

Answer 18

difference between expected value of an estimator and real value of the parameter

Question 19

sampling error vs bias

Answer 19

sampling error is natural consequence of sample size being smaller than population

bias is due to faulty design of survey. not a result of sample size so increasing sample size will not reduce bias in estimates

Question 20

two categories of bias

Answer 20

measurement bias - due to errors in sampling

non representative sampling bias - also known as selection bias due to not random methods during selection. convenience sampling often happens here. can happen when non responses from certain groups is significant.

Question 21

measurement bias (3 causes)

Answer 21

error occurring when recording data

intentionally asking leading questions, framing question in way to lead responses

inadvertent false responses by respondents (d0n’t understand q)

Question 22

definition / snowball sample

Answer 22

picks up samples on the way. asking participants to suggest someone who might want to participate

Question 23

census / 2000 census surveys (2)

Answer 23

short form - 100%
long form - 1 in 6 hh

Question 24

census / 2010

Answer 24

short-form 100%
long form discontinued
acs used in place of long form

Question 25

short form questions

Answer 25

number of persons in HH household owned or rented demographics of people in household

Question 26

ACS

Answer 26

ongoing survey that provides data every year measure changing and social and economic characteristics only have a 1 year and 5 year estimates 1 year estimate is data for areas of 65,000. less reliable than 3 and 5, for analyzing large populations 5 year data for all areas, good for small populations, more reliable

Question 27

Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS)

Answer 27

computer files contain records for a sample of housing units with information on characteristics of each housing unit and the people in it represent 1/1000, 1% and 5% samples of housing units

Question 28

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Answer 28

one city 50,000 or more population or census defined urbanized area with 100,000_

Question 29

Consolidated MSA

Answer 29

must meet MSA standard and have population of 1,000,000 or more 18 CMSAs in USA

Question 30

Urbanized Area

Answer 30

densely settled area with population of 50,000 or more geographic core of blocks with population density of 1,000 per sq. m

Question 31

Blocks

Answer 31

smallest unit of 100% tabulation data. average size 100 ppl

Question 32

Block Groups

Answer 32

smallest area for which sample data are available. usually 1,500 people, 300-3,000

Question 33

census tracts

Answer 33

about 4,000 people

Question 34

census trends (6)

Answer 34

south shifting population browning of America intermarriage increase graying of America gender shift more grandparent headed households

Question 35

population pyramid

Answer 35

based in 5 year increments female on right, male on left

Question 36

Gompertz growth curve

Answer 36

non-linear s curve assumes growth begins slowly, increases momentum, reaches inflection point, then slows in increments

Question 37

comparative method

Answer 37

based upon past trends in a different area (pattern area) two cities have historically grown the same way

Question 38

ratio method / shift share

Answer 38

assumes relationship between local area and larger area are constant also called shift share

Question 39

fastest growing state between 2000 and 2010

Answer 39

Nevada

Question 40

one state that declined from 2000 to 2010

Answer 40

detroid

Question 41

biggest numeric increase from 2000 to 2010

Answer 41

texas

Question 42

fastest growing metro area 2000 to 2010

Answer 42

palm coast Florida

Question 43

what was years of baby boomers

Answer 43

1946 to 1964

Question 44

GIS Mapping Standard Colors for: Industry Low dens residential high dens residential retail, commercial institution, public recreation utilities

Answer 44

industry is purple low d res is yellow high d res is brown retail comm is red institut public is blue recreation is green utilities is grey

Question 45

Metes and Bounds

Answer 45

system or method of describing land, rea replaced by land ordinance of 1875, which began public land survey system

Question 46

how many miles in a township

Answer 46

36 square miles each section has 640 acres numbered in an s shape 640 acres in a square mile

Question 47

what is a standard USGS Map

Answer 47

7.5 minute by 7.5 minute, 1:24,000 squale

Question 48

1 acre in sq ft

Answer 48

43,560 sq ft

Question 49

1 township in miles

Answer 49

6 miles by 6 miles or 36 sections or 26 sq mile

Question 50

1 yard in feet in inches, feet and sq ft

Answer 50

36 inches or 3 feet

Question 51

2 hectare in acres

Answer 51

2.5 acres, roughly a square 100m or 330 ft per side

Question 52

what are the two basic types of statistical groupings

Answer 52

quantitative and qualitative

Question 53

what is a grouping of numbers with two or more modes called

Answer 53

bimodal