Plan and Policy Development (15%) Flashcards
Visioning
citizens attend meetings and offer input on how community should be
help citizens develop a conception of future
focus on what community wants
State and Federal Law/ home rule
an article or amendment to the state constitution grants cities, municipalities or counties ability to pass laws to govern themselves
State and Federal Law/ Dillons law
40/50 states
the principal that cities, have no powers other than those assigned to them by state
sometimes can be home rule for some jurisdictions and Dillons rule for others
Types of local government / general-purpose local government
counties, cities, townships
Types of local government / single-purpose local government
school districts, fire districts, etc
Types of local government / social districts
indipendente unit of government created by referendum and organized to perform special government function
usually have power to incur dept and levy taxes
similar to single-purpose local government but different state laws use one term or other
Types of local government / area wise planning organization
like regional organizations, provide grants and planning assistance
coordinate with inter-governmental activities
not a separate layer of government
Types of local government / regional planning agency
develops regional plans and reviews regional impacts and projects
in some cases, some power is transferred to regional agency but that is not usually the case
preemption
when law of higher level limits or eliminates power of lower level
Fair Housing Act in 1969 preempts discriminatory local laws
tribal sovereignity
583 tribal governments
Policy Impact Analysis/ Assessment Versus Evaluation
assessment analyses intended and unintended consequences of policies
evaluation examines a plan, project or program against set of criteria
Policy Impact Analysis/ fiscal impact analysis
estimate impact of a development or land use change or plan on costs and revenues of government
looks at city property tax rate, average cost of educating child in school system, average cost per sq ft of construction a building
Policy Impact Analysis/ cost benefit analysis
quantified comparison of costs and benefits
Policy Impact Analysis/ Environmental Impact Statement history
NEPA of 1969 created council on environmental quality
requires environmental impacts of project be considered
requires preparation of environmental impact statement
Policy Impact Analysis/ Environmental Assessment
required to determine whether there is a significant environmental impact
Policy Impact Analysis/ EIS required when…
for federal actions significantly affecting quality of human environment
if environmental assessment determines significant impact, EIS is required
Policy Impact Analysis/ Contents of an EIS
1-indtroduction, statement of purpose and need of proposed action
2-description of affected environment
3-range of alternatives
4-analysis of environmental impacts of each of possible alternatives
Policy Impact Analysis/ EIS must address each of the following topics (5)
1-probable impact of proposed action
2-adverse environmental effects that cannot be avoided
3- alternatives to proposed action
4-relationship between local short-term uses of environment and maintenance an enhancement of long-term productivity
5-any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources that would be involved in proposed action
Negotiation
involves discussion to reach agreement
results in memorandum of agreement
generally not legally binding
Mediation
involves a third party
is non-binding
can complement public engagement like design charrettes, is a pre-step before public hearing
idea is to involve neutral third party to find a solution, mediators are trained
Arbitration
third party determines a resoluation
is legally binding
