Plan and Policy Development (15%)

Question 1

Visioning

Answer 1

citizens attend meetings and offer input on how community should be

help citizens develop a conception of future

focus on what community wants

Question 2

State and Federal Law/ home rule

Answer 2

an article or amendment to the state constitution grants cities, municipalities or counties ability to pass laws to govern themselves

Question 3

State and Federal Law/ Dillons law

Answer 3

40/50 states

the principal that cities, have no powers other than those assigned to them by state

sometimes can be home rule for some jurisdictions and Dillons rule for others

Question 4

Types of local government / general-purpose local government

Answer 4

counties, cities, townships

Question 5

Types of local government / single-purpose local government

Answer 5

school districts, fire districts, etc

Question 6

Types of local government / social districts

Answer 6

indipendente unit of government created by referendum and organized to perform special government function

usually have power to incur dept and levy taxes

similar to single-purpose local government but different state laws use one term or other

Question 7

Types of local government / area wise planning organization

Answer 7

like regional organizations, provide grants and planning assistance

coordinate with inter-governmental activities

not a separate layer of government

Question 8

Types of local government / regional planning agency

Answer 8

develops regional plans and reviews regional impacts and projects

in some cases, some power is transferred to regional agency but that is not usually the case

Question 9

preemption

Answer 9

when law of higher level limits or eliminates power of lower level

Fair Housing Act in 1969 preempts discriminatory local laws

Question 10

tribal sovereignity

Answer 10

583 tribal governments

Question 11

Policy Impact Analysis/ Assessment Versus Evaluation

Answer 11

assessment analyses intended and unintended consequences of policies

evaluation examines a plan, project or program against set of criteria

Question 12

Policy Impact Analysis/ fiscal impact analysis

Answer 12

estimate impact of a development or land use change or plan on costs and revenues of government

looks at city property tax rate, average cost of educating child in school system, average cost per sq ft of construction a building

Question 13

Policy Impact Analysis/ cost benefit analysis

Answer 13

quantified comparison of costs and benefits

Question 14

Policy Impact Analysis/ Environmental Impact Statement history

Answer 14

NEPA of 1969 created council on environmental quality

requires environmental impacts of project be considered

requires preparation of environmental impact statement

Question 15

Policy Impact Analysis/ Environmental Assessment

Answer 15

required to determine whether there is a significant environmental impact

Question 16

Policy Impact Analysis/ EIS required when…

Answer 16

for federal actions significantly affecting quality of human environment

if environmental assessment determines significant impact, EIS is required

Question 17

Policy Impact Analysis/ Contents of an EIS

Answer 17

1-indtroduction, statement of purpose and need of proposed action
2-description of affected environment
3-range of alternatives
4-analysis of environmental impacts of each of possible alternatives

Question 18

Policy Impact Analysis/ EIS must address each of the following topics (5)

Answer 18

1-probable impact of proposed action
2-adverse environmental effects that cannot be avoided
3- alternatives to proposed action
4-relationship between local short-term uses of environment and maintenance an enhancement of long-term productivity
5-any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources that would be involved in proposed action

Question 19

Negotiation

Answer 19

involves discussion to reach agreement

results in memorandum of agreement

generally not legally binding

Question 20

Mediation

Answer 20

involves a third party

is non-binding

can complement public engagement like design charrettes, is a pre-step before public hearing

idea is to involve neutral third party to find a solution, mediators are trained

Question 21

Arbitration

Answer 21

third party determines a resoluation

is legally binding