Budgeting and Financing Flashcards
PLanning-Programming-Budgeting -System (PPBS)
combined program budget modwl with short and long term targets, performance measurements.
mostly useful in capital projects
participatory budgeting
democrating process in which community members decide how to spend part of a public budget
tax incidence
how does the tax impact taxpayers?
regressive tax
tax falls as income rises
proportionate tax
equal for all incomes
progressive tax
increases as income rises
general obligation bond
commit property taxes by voter referendum
usually 20 years simpler to issue than other debt forms
revenue bond
pled specific for self supporting enterprise
special assessment district
imposes levy on property, individual lots or all property to pay for improvements
business improvement district
prop owner pays additional tax to fund activities that benefit them
community redevelopment agency
special taxing district created based on finding of slum and blight
must adopt redevelopment plan and establish redevelopment trust fund for deposit TIF revenue
plans must be consistent with comprehensive plan
community development corporation (CDC)
non profit established for specific purpose (business incubator, affordable housing)
enterprise zone
economically depressed area that has been targeted for revitalization by a city or state through tax abatement and other incentives given to companies that locate or expand their operations
empowerment zone
economically distressed rural and urban zone designated by USDA and HUD
earned value
a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan
EV gives a standard way to determine if there is any variance between where you are supposed to be in the project, and where you actually are.
