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Human Epithelial Biology > Static Mechanics of Breathing > Flashcards

Static Mechanics of Breathing Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the static mechanics of breathing?

A

mechanical properties of the lung that influence gas flow but which are independent of volume change

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2
Q

What are the static properties of the lung?

A

elasticity
compliance
surface tension

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3
Q

What does the pleural sac do?

A

links elastic forces in the chest wall and lung

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4
Q

What happens when you apply muscular effort to change the chest cavity volume?

A

the link means that the lung volume changes and the intra-alveolar pressure changes

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5
Q

How much pleural fluid is usually circulating?

A

15ml

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6
Q

What does elastin in the alveoli cause?

A

inward collapsing forces - elastic recoil

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7
Q

What opposes the elastic recoil?

A

the opposing outward expanding elastic recoil of the ribs

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8
Q

What does the balance of the ribs and recoil cause?

A

a sub-atmospheric intrapleural pressure

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9
Q

What kind of pressure keeps the lung inflated?

A

-ve pressure

positive causes lung to collapse

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10
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A

Ppl decreases pulling Palv down and air into the lung

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11
Q

What causes Palv to restabalise?

A

Lung volume increasing

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12
Q

What causes exhalation?

A

Ppl increases causing Palv to increase and thus exhale

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13
Q

What is the equation for compliance?

A

C=Delta V/Delta P

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14
Q

What is significant about a lung with high compliance?

A

it is easily distended

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15
Q

What is significant about a lung with low compliance?

A

it is difficult to distend

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16
Q

What does lung compliance vary inversely with?

A

lung elasticity

17
Q

What is a normal compliance?

A

0.2L/cmH2O

18
Q

What is a high compliance and what disease might it come with?

A

0.4L/cmH2O

emphysema

19
Q

What is a low compliance and what is a typical disease with this?

A

0.1L/cmH2O

fibrosis

20
Q

What is pulmonary compliance and elastic recoil produced by?

A

Elastin connective fibres

Alveolar surface tension

21
Q

What does the surface tension do?

A

tries to collapse the lung

22
Q

What causes surface tension?

A

molecules at the surface trying to have more interactions

23
Q

What is the effect of greater surface tension on compliance?

A

less compliant

24
Q

What is the effect of surface tension in the alveolus?

A

resists stretch
tends to become smaller
tends to recoil after stretch

25
Q

What is hysteresis?

A

the difference between inflation and deflation because a greater Ptp is required to open the airway

26
Q

What is significant about smaller alveoli?

A

they have a much higher surface tension which would mean a variation in alveolar size would cause collapsing

27
Q

What does pulmonary surfactant do?

A

stabalises the alveolar structure by reducing the surface tension

28
Q

How does pulmonary surfactant reduce the surface tension?

A

decreasing the density of water molecules at the air-water interface

29
Q

What is pulmonary surfactant made of?

A

dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline packaged around surfactant proteins

30
Q

Which cells secrete pulmonary surfactant?

A

type II alveolar epithelial cells

31
Q

What is the effect of pulmonary surfactant?

A

prevents collaps of alveoli during lung expansion

reduces pressure required to inflate lungs

32
Q

What happens in a rapidly expanding alveolus?

A

increase in size reduces density of surfactant molecules allowing surface tension and elastic recoil to brake the expansion

33
Q

What happens to surfactant when r falls?

A

surfactant molecules crowd together stabalising the alveolus

34
Q

What is Laplaces law?

A

P = 2xsurface tension/radius of bubble

Human Epithelial Biology (20 decks)

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