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Human Epithelial Biology > Function of Epithelia > Flashcards

Function of Epithelia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is tight control of the airway surface liquid essential for?

A

Pathogen defence
Mucus clearance by cilia
Paracrine Hormone Signalling
O2 uptake and CO2 exchange

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2
Q

What is the genetic defect in CF?

A

loss of phenylalanine at 508 causes defect in CFTR Cl channel

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3
Q

What does the CFTR mutation cause?

A

mucus accumulation and bacterial colonisation in the lung

digestive and reproductive problems due to defective Cl transport

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4
Q

How are electrolytes balanced in the kidney?

A

nutrient reabsorption from filtrate
fluid reabsorption from filtrate
electrolyte balance

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5
Q

What is PHA caused by?

A

loss of function mutations on ENaC subunits

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6
Q

What is PHA?

A

heriditary disease associated with resistance to aldosterone leading to increase Na excretion in urine, dehydration, hypotension, hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis

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7
Q

What is aldosterone?

A

adrenal mineralocorticoid hormones which regulates renal Na retention and K secretion

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8
Q

Where is PHA most evident?

A

kidney, sweat gland, pancreatic and salivary gland function and can be lethal due to excessive hypotension and circulatory collapse

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9
Q

What is the most lethal form of PHA?

A

loss of function mutations in the a,b and y ENaC which are distribute throughout the length of the protein

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10
Q

How much fluid is secreted and reabsorbed in the gut daily?

A

9L input into the system - saliva, gastric juice etc

8.9l reabsorbed through sm.intestine and large intestine

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11
Q

What signalling pathway does cholera toxin stimulate?

A

stimulates overproduction of cAMP from AC-> PKA

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12
Q

What is the result of PKA overactivation in cholera?

A

PKA stimulates NKCC channel and CFTR channel
Cl brought from blood to cell by NKCC
Cl removed to gut lumen by CFTR
Cl pulls water into the lumen and causes diarhhoea and dehydration

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13
Q

What are the typical IC and EC ion concentrations of K+?

A

IC 155

ECF 5

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14
Q

What are the typical IC and EC ion concentrations of Na+?

A

ICF - 12

ECF 145

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15
Q

What are the typical IC and EC ion concentrations of Mg?

A

ICF - 15

ECF -2

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16
Q

What are the typical IC and EC ion concentrations of Ca?

A

ICF -2

ECF-2

17
Q

What are the typical IC and EC ion concentrations of Cl?

A

ICF - 4

ECF - 110

18
Q

What is the Fick principle and what does it describe?

A

J = P.deltaC

describes the ionic flux outside the cell

19
Q

How is flux over the cell membrane described?

A

J = G.E

20
Q

When is the net flux of K over the membrane 0?

A

when Gk.Ek=Pk.Ck

21
Q

Give the Nernst Equation

A

Em = RT/zF . ln [Kout]/[Kin]

22
Q

What is the membrane potential where there will be no net movement of K+ at 37C?

A

-40mV

23
Q

What are the Em for Na, K, and Cl?

A 
K = -40mV
Na = +66.5mV
Cl = -88.4mV
24
Q

Why is Na+ maintained so low inside the cell?

A

Na-pump maintains iso-osmotic conditions as water will follow Na into the cell

25
Q

How does the b-adrenoceptor cause water movement across the paracellular membrane?

A

activated by epinephrine -> AC-> cAMP-> PKA-> NKCC -> IC cl- increase-> cell hyperpolarises -> Cl channel opens -> Cl out to lumen -> water pulled across

26
Q

How can you increase ENaC expression?

A

glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, O2

27
Q

What factors increase voltage in the ussing chamber?

A

increased abundance of channels or pump activity

28
Q

What factors increase current in the ussing chamber?

A

channels and tight junctions opening

29
Q

What factors increase resistance in the ussing chamber?

A

channel/tight junction closure, small cell, low abundance of channels/transporters

30
Q

What does an Ussing chamber allow?

A

Analysis of apical and basolateral membrane currents by use of agonists, use of channel or pump blockers, gene KO and ionic species permeability

Human Epithelial Biology (20 decks)

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