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human epithelial biology > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What are the units of osmolarity?

A

osmol/l

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2
Q

What is required to calculate osmolarity?

A

2 factors i.e. 150mM NaCl and 100mM MgCl2

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3
Q

What is tonicity?

A

the effect on cell volume
isotonic - normal
hypotonic - too much water
hypertonic - too little water

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4
Q

What does hypertonicity cause?

A

cell shrinkage

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5
Q

What does hypotonicity cause?

A

cell lysis from swelling

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6
Q

What are the units of osmolality?

A

osmol/kg

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7
Q

What is different between osmolarity and tonicity?

A

tonicity takes into consideration the ability of a solute to cross the cell membrane

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8
Q

What is the Total Body Water percentage of a male and female?

A

male 60% of body weight

female 50% of body weight

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9
Q

What does total body water exist as?

A

2 major compartments of ICF and ECF

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10
Q

What is the concentration of water in ICF and ECF?

A

ICF 67% TBW

ECF 33% of TBW

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11
Q

What is included in EC fluid?

A

plasma
interstitial fluid
lymph - negligible
transcellular fluid - negligible

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12
Q

How might you trace TBW?

A

3H2O

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13
Q

How might you trace ECF?

A

Inulin

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14
Q

How might you trace plasma?

A

labelled albumin

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15
Q

What is TBW equivalent to?

A

ECF+ICF

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16
Q

How do you measure the volume of distribution?

A

take the tracer and equilibrate it with water
take a small sample and measure the concentration
c=m/v
work out volume of distribution

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17
Q

What is the equation for calculating the volume of distribution?

A

V (L)=Dose/Sample concentration

18
Q

What is insensible loss of water?

A

loss through skin and lungs

19
Q

What is sensible loss of water?

A

faeces
urine
sweat

20
Q

What is the general input and output of water/day?

A

2500ml

21
Q

What may increase water loss through sweat?

A

hot weather and exercise

22
Q

What may increase water loss through the lungs?

A

exercise

23
Q

What decreases the water loss from urine?

A

hot weather and exercise

24
Q

What is the general ICF and ECF concentrations of Na?

A

ICF - 10

ECF -140

25
Q

What is the general ICF and ECF concentrations of K?

A

ICF - 140

ECF - 4.5

26
Q

What is the general ICF and ECF concentrations of Cl?

A

ICF - 7

ECF - 115

27
Q

What is the general ICF and ECF concentrations of HCO3?

A

ICF -10

ECF -28

28
Q

What is particularly potent in the plasma?

A

Na, Cl, HCO3, protein anions

29
Q

What is particularly potent in the interstitial fluid?

A

Na, HCO3, Cl

30
Q

What is particularly potent in the IC fluid?

A

K, PO4, Mg, protein anions, small Na

31
Q

What is the difference in osmotic concentration of ECF and ICF?

A

none - they are identical

32
Q

Why is there no difference in ICF and ECF?

A

because any change in solute concentration leads to immediate change in water distribution

33
Q

What is fluid shift?

A

the movement of water between the ICF and ECF in response to an osmotic gradient

34
Q

What are some challenges to fluid homeostasis?

A

gain or loss of water
gain or loss of NaCl
gain or loss of isotonic fluid

35
Q

What happens when NaCl is gained in the ECF?

A

ECF increases water volume

ICF decreases water volume

36
Q

What happens when NaCl is lost in the ECF?

A

ECF loses water volume

ICF gains water volume

37
Q

what does a gain or loss of isotonic fluid cause?

A

change in ECF volume but not fluid osmolarity

38
Q

What alters the composition and volume of the ECF?

A

kidney

39
Q

What is regulation of ECF vital for?

A

regulation of blood pressure

40
Q

What is electrolyte balance important for?

A

can directly affect water balance

the concentrations of electrolytes can affect cell function

41
Q

What is particularly important about Na and K?

A

they are major contributors to the osmotic concentrations of ECF and ICF
they directly affect the functioning of all cells

42
Q

What can result from increasing plasma K?

A

muscle weakness - paralysis

cardiac irregularities - cardiac arrest

human epithelial biology (20 decks)

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