Standards of living 1832 - 85

Question 1

What was the general trend in the standards of living between 1832 - 85?

Answer 1

Mostly improved overall

Question 2

What are examples of laws improving standards of living between 1832 - 85?

Answer 2

Public Health Acts
Factory Acts
Improving housing with the Artisans dwellings Act
Corn laws repeal decreased grain prices
Mid Victorian boom

Question 3

What happened to agricultural wages between 1832 - 85?

Answer 3

They decreased to 17 - 9 shillings weekly so many families relied on poor relief programs as substitutes

Question 4

What was the issue with factory employment between 1832 - 85?

Answer 4

Jobs were unstable from the periods of boom and bust

Question 5

What was an issue with the Factory Acts?

Answer 5

It mean that less income could come into the families so some workers were against the 10h workday

Question 6

In the 1830’s and 40’s what percentage of the workers wages was on food?

Answer 6

75%, mostly on bread

Question 7

How did the railway boom affect workers?

Answer 7

It provided more jobs such as in iron or in creating railways in the 1840’s, 50’s and early 60’s
It also made grain and bread prices cheaper

Question 8

How close did workers live to their factories?

Answer 8

Most lived within walking distance of their jobs so didn’t rely on railways as they were too expensive

Question 9

What happened to the number of handloom weavers between 1832 - 85?

Answer 9

They couldn’t compete with the machines and their jobs decreased

Question 10

When did periods of boom and bust happen in Manchester?

Answer 10

In the American Civil War

Question 11

How many agricultural workers were let off between 1832 - 46 and why?

Answer 11

30%, because of the increase in mixed farming techniques that required less people

Question 12

What happened to the death rate between 1846 - 85?

Answer 12

It decreased because of better nutrition

Question 13

What was the population increase from 1801 - 51?

Answer 13

10.5 -20.8 million

Question 14

What happened to urban areas with the growing population?

Answer 14

There was a strain on houses and the builders couldn’t keep up so they would make back to back slum housing, which were very crowded and unsanitary in London and Birmingham

Question 15

When were bank holidays introduced?

Answer 15

1871

Question 16

What did people in London and Leeds do in their leisure time?

Answer 16

Music halls and societies to talk about philosophy, literature and physics were made and frequented often

Question 17

What position did Sir John Simon hold?

Answer 17

He was the first Medical Officer of Health for London

Question 18

What did Sir John Simon do?

Answer 18

He wanted to deal with cholera and other health issues, and wrote reports for reforms to eradicate slums and build new houses for the poor and improve the water supply system. He was the first permanent medical advisor to the government. He reported that there was a link between cholera and water

Question 19

In what laws was Sir John Simon a driving force to be implemented?

Answer 19

Sanitary Act - 1866
Public Health Act - 1872
Public Health Act - 1875

Question 20

What was the Sanitary Act of 1866?

Answer 20

This fixed the permissive ideas of the 1848 Public Health Act, and compelled local authorities to improve condition and remove health hazards. They also became responsible for improving sewers, water and street cleaning. It set limits to cellar use and defined overcrowding. Each town had Sanitary Inspectors and the Home Secretary was empowered to take proceedings for the removal of health hazards if local authorities didn’t do it

Question 21

What was the Public Health Act of 1872?

Answer 21

England and Wales were divided into HealthAuthority districts, each with a Medical Officer of Health and staff, but their duties weren’t specified and most Health Boards were unwilling to spend the money required for legal reform

Question 22

What was the Public Health Act of 1875?

Answer 22

It set out details on what the authority would do in terms of public health:

• ensure that there was an adequate water supply,
• drainage and sewage disposal
• nuisances were to be removed
• offensive trades were to be regulated
• contaminated food was to be found, confiscated and destroyed
• cases of infectious diseases were to be reported to the local Medical Officer of Health who then
• had to take appropriate action
• further regulations dealt with matters concerning: markets; street lighting; burials

Question 23

What was the Health of Towns Association?

Answer 23

This is a pressure group created in 1847 to improve sanitary conditions
They grew to have branches in many cities such a Manchester, Liverpool and Edinburgh

Question 24

What did the Health of Towns Association do to promote their ideas?

Answer 24

They produced reports on poor health and the unsanitary conditions of towns
They used their political links in Parliament to pressure the implementation of reforms based on Chadwicks commission

Question 25

What laws did the Health of Towns Association aid in pushing through?

Answer 25

Health Act 1848
Creating local Boards of Health in multiple cities. like Liverpool
City of London Sewers Act 1846
Nuisances Removal and Disease Prevention Act 1855

Question 26

What happened to Health of Towns Association after 1848?

Answer 26

They faded away, with their main problem being that they stuck to the miasma theory and could directly influence invested individuals in London

Question 27

Who was Joseph Bazalgette?

Answer 27

He was an engineer that built an effective sewage system to improve Britains health

Question 28

What did Joseph Bazalgette change with sewers?

Answer 28

He noticed that there was a link between the amount of sewage and cholera, and tried to remove the waste into the Thames by building embankments and diverting old sewers into new ones and releasing it away from the city and people. He creates large pipes so they can run fo r al long time

Question 29

Question

Answer 29

The main reason for the improvement of standards of living are an individual or a pressure group