Social Reforms 1853 - 85

Question 1

What were some reasons to change from 1853 - 85 with ideology shifts?

Answer 1

Moving away from laissez - fairs to collectivism, where the state would help those who needed it

Question 2

What were some reasons to change from 1853 - 85 with writers?

Answer 2

Writers like Dickens created sympathy from the literate by books like Great Expectations and Oliver Twist, to show the elite what life was like for the poor with workhouses and the poor laws, and so they would want to change it

Question 3

What were some reasons to change from 1853 - 85 with public health?

Answer 3

There were improvement and advances in medical knowledge and spread of disease

Question 4

How did education change in 1834?

Answer 4

Workhouses provided schools for pupils under the Poor Law act

Question 5

How did education change in 1846?

Answer 5

Government grant made it available for Poor Law Guardians to pay workhouse teachers salaries

Question 6

How did education change in 1870?

Answer 6

The Forsters Education Act set up boarding schools and Poor Law guardians encouraged the poor and working class to send their children there

Question 7

How much was the government spending in 1870’s on schools?

Answer 7

£1.25 million

Question 8

How much was the government spending in 1890’s on schools?

Answer 8

£4 million

Question 9

How many children up to 10 were in education by the 1890’s?

Answer 9

85%

Question 10

How did education change in 1880?

Answer 10

The Education Act made schooling mandatory for children under 10

Question 11

What did local reports on housing suggest in 1842?

Answer 11

Local reports suggested a link between overcrowding and poor health

Question 12

How did housing change in 1844?

Answer 12

Some cities like Manchester passed by -laws in the mid 1840’s for some control of new buildings sand cellar dwellings but was rarely enforced

Question 13

How did housing change in 1855?

Answer 13

The Nuisance Removal Act empowered local authorities to deal with overcrowding

Question 14

How did housing change in 1866?

Answer 14

The Sanitary Act limited the use of cellars for occupation, and if local government didn’t do anything them the government could step in

Question 15

How did housing change in 1868 / 75?

Answer 15

The Artisans Dwellingd Act called for the right for local councils to force landlords to repair unsanitary and overcrowded housing but was rarely enforced. By 1881 only 10/57 took any action

Question 16

In 1862 London how much more expensive was indoor poor relief than outdoor?

Answer 16

x2

Question 17

How did public health change with Joseph Bazalgette?

Answer 17

He created the sewage system in London to increase in cleanliness and taking away waste

Question 18

How did public health change in 1875?

Answer 18

Public Health Act tied together 30 acts and made local authorities obliged to make sanitary changes

Question 19

How did vaccine distribution change in 1841?

Answer 19

Poor Law allowed for medical officers to vaccinate the poor

Question 20

How did how medical treatment was provided change in 1852?

Answer 20

Anyone who couldn’t afford medical treatment qualified for outdoor relief

Question 21

How did the public view on health change in the 1860’s?

Answer 21

People were starting to dislike workhouses for their inhumane treatment and The Lancet, a medical journal, got many complaints and criticisms of them practice

Question 22

How did vaccine distribution change in 1853?

Answer 22

Vaccination Act - Smallpox vaccine mandatory for babies under 3 months, but not enforced

Question 23

How did vaccine distribution change in 1871?

Answer 23

Compulsory smallpox vaccine that was enforced with fines or jail time

Question 24

What was the Union Chargeability Act of 1865?

Answer 24

The allowed for a standardised system to divide the costs across parishes

Question 25

What was the Public Works Act 1863?

Answer 25

Allowed local authorities to take loans for public projects to put paupers to work

Question 26

How many people were on Poor relief in 1860 - 1885?

Answer 26

1860 - 4.6%

1885 - 2.9%

Question 27

What percentage was relief the outdoor kind in 1885?

Answer 27

75%

Question 28

What did the local governments change when they controllled the Poor Law in 1871?

Answer 28

Issues papers and pamphlets against Poor relief
cracked down on the inhumane treatment in workhouses to discourage people
Allow local government to sponsor foreign emigration

Question 29

What were cooperative organisations?

Answer 29

These were places that multiple people invested into and pool resources and sell what they need, with each person getting a dividend