Ireland with Gladstone 1880 - 85 Flashcards
Who were the Independent Irish Party?
They were a group of around 40 MPs in the house of commons
Started in 1852
What did the Independent Irish Party do?
Nothing because they had no aims or goals, they were a loose group who wanted change
They were important to give the idea to future generations to look at using Parliament to persuade and pressure the government
What did the Tenants Right Movement do and want?
The Irish Tenent League came after the Famine, in response to the evictinos by the landlords and an expression of the new power of the larger farms in rural Ireland
Different groups combined into the aLL - Ireland Tenant League in 1850 and were supported by the Independent Irish Party
The Ulster Protestants and others couldn’t agree or overcome their social, religious and political differences
There was a general apathy at the time and the farm prices slump in 1859 led to their collapse a bit later
What did the Young Ireland Rebellion do and want?
YI wanted to hold the British responsible for the Famine and wanted an armed rebellion
They wanted to be able to bear arms and go to war with England, sweep away the landlord system and the land to belong to the Irish People
Chartist movement was a source of inspiration
They tried rebelling in 1848m but it was badly led and organised no mass support from the people and the Catholic Church was against it
The YI set up the ideas of Irish independence and that the landlords vs tenants is a fundamental parts to the process of liberalism
What did the Fenians do and want?
They were a secret revolutionary organisation in Ireland and US and set up in 1858
Wanted independence
The newspaper called the ‘Irish People’
They had attacks in Manchester, London and Chesterin in 1867
Got Gladstone to think about trying to help Ireland
What did Gladstone do with coercion in Ireland between 1868 - 74?
He released Fenian prisoners in 1870 to prevent disorder in Ireland
Repealed Habeas corpus being suspended 4 times from 1866 - 8
The Peace Preservation Act of 1870 and the Westmeath Act of 1871 strengthened the magistrates authority to arrest and detain persons suspected of disorder
positive outcome - Allowed Gladstone to do other stuff and keep House of Lords on hid side, there was no violent opposition from the people
Negative outcome - Looked hypocritical and irritated Irish Nationalists
What did Gladstone do with land in Ireland between 1868 - 74?
The previous system of ownership of ‘tenants at will’ was that tenants had a 6 month notice on eviction with no compensation rights for any improvements made to the land
It changed with the 1870 Land Act, where tenants got compensation rights for any improvements made when being evicted on any reason but not paying rent
Why was the 1870 Land Act disliked in Ireland?
It wasn’t liked because it fell short of the Irish Tenants League of ‘3F’s’, which were free trade, fair rent and fixity of tenure. The compensation of farms depended on thier size and was no more than £250, and JPs decided fair rent.
What did the 1870 Land Act cause to happen in Ireland?
The agricultural depression after 1973 caused evictions for not paying rent skyrocketed so compensation wasn’t given, and led to the land war
The government was planning on helping the economic development of Ireland, but was watered down drastically due to Gladstone knowing he wouldn’t be supported.
What was the Irish University Bill in 1873 and what were the consequences?
It was suggested that the Uni of Dublin and Trinity College split, and that philosophy, modern history and religion weren’t to be taught.
Trinity college opposed the bill, non conformists didn’t want a Catholic Church, and Catholics opposed ‘miseducation’. Dublins Arch Bishop denounced the proposal and liberals didn’t like the ‘gagging clauses’,
The bill was defeated by 3 votes
What was the Disestablishment Act of 1869 and what were the consequences?
The Church of Ireland was disestablished and lost its specials powers and had no extra bonuses and all Church Courts were abolished
Their land was taken away from the church, around £16 million.
£5 million was given in compensation £9 million given to poor and £2 million later. Irish catholics thought it was fair and the situation calmed a bit
