Standard Of Conduct Flashcards
1
Q
What qualities are military and civilian Airmen expected to maintain, in addition to the USAF core values of integrity first, service before self, and excellence in all we do? (18.1)
A
Honesty, responsibility, and accountability
2
Q
Which AFI states the importance of the USAF’s mission and inherent responsibility to the nation and requires its members to adhere to higher standards than those expected in civilian life? (18.1)
A
AFI 1-1
3
Q
While current Department of Defense and USAF policies provide specific guidance on standards, what must leaders do regarding these standards? (18.1)
A
(a) Ensure employees are kept informed of the USAF standards
(b) Take timely and appropriate actions to ensure employee standards meet the spirit and intent of USAF policy on proper conduct
4
Q
How are series numbers of publications organized? (18.2)
A
Based on USAF Specialty Codes
5
Q
Which publications are informational and suggest guidance that may be modified appropriately to fit existing or forecasted circumstances? (18.2)
A
Nondirective publications
6
Q
Which publications are Air Force personnel expected to comply with, but are not mandatory? Air Force personnel use these publications as reference aids or guides. (18.2)
A
Nondirective publications
7
Q
Which publications include pamphlets; basic and operational doctrine; tactics, techniques, and procedures documents; directories; handbooks; catalogs; visual aids; and product announcements? (18.2)
A
Nondirective publications
8
Q
Which are orders of the Secretary of the Air Force and contain directive policy statements that guide Department of the Air Force implementation of Department of Defense issuances or other authorities outside but binding on the Department of Air Force that require Department of Air Force action? (18.2)
A
Department of the Air Force Policy Directives (DAFPDs)
9
Q
What do Department of the Air Force Instructions (DAFIs), Air Force Instructions (AFIs), and Space Force Instructions (SPFIs) generally provide Airmen? (18.2)
A
Instructions on “what to do” (i.e., direct action, ensure compliance to standard actions across the DAF)
10
Q
What are Orders of the Secretary of the Air Force and generally instruct readers on “how to” and are intended for use only by Air and Space Professionals who have graduated from special schools? (18.2)
A
Department of the Air Force Manuals (DAFMANs), Air Force Manuals (AFMANs) or Space Force Manuals (SPFMANs)
11
Q
Which AFI states that the mission must be accomplished, even at great risk and personal sacrifice? (18.3)
A
AFI 1-1
12
Q
True or False? Airmen are always subject to duty, including weekends, holidays, and while on leave. (18.3)
A
True
13
Q
True or False? Airmen, if directed by a competent authority, must report for duty at any time, at any location, for as long as necessary. (18.3)
A
True
14
Q
What must Airmen strive to be, while at the same time, being prepared to meet the challenges inherent to being a member of a fighting force, both in the deployed environment and at home station? (18.3)
A
Physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually resilient
15
Q
What factors prompts the USAF to enforce more restrictive rules and elevated standards than those found in the civilian community? (18.3)
A
(a) Importance of the USAF mission
(b) Dangers associated with military service
(c) National and international influences
(d) Potential implications relevant to global operations
16
Q
What are often published to provide clear and concise guidance specifically tailored to maintaining good order and discipline in the deployed setting? (18.3)
A
General Orders
Note: Our current operations place us in areas where local laws and customs or mission requirements prohibit or restrict certain activities that are generally permissible in our society. We must respect and abide by these restrictions to preserve relations with our host nation and support military operations with friendly forces.
17
Q
True or False? USAF standards must be uniformly known, consistently applied, and selectively enforced. (18.4)
A
False
Note: Air Force standards must be uniformly known, consistently applied, and “non-selectively” enforced. (18.4)
18
Q
What is critically important to good order and discipline of the force? (18.4)
A
Accountability
19
Q
What, if failed to ensure, will hinder the trust of the American public? (18.4)
A
Accountability
20
Q
What responsibility do Airmen have when learning USAF standards? (18.4)
A
Learn the standards well enough not only to follow them, but to articulate them clearly to subordinates and enforce proper observation by other members
21
Q
What are three standards of conduct references? (18.4)
A
(a) DoD Directive 5500.07, Standards of Conduct
(b) DoD Regulation 5500.07-R
(c) AFI 1-1
22
Q
What, as defined by the Department of Defense, is the part of treaties and customary international law that regulates: the resort to armed force; the conduct of armed hostilities and the protection of war victims of in international and non-international armed conflict; belligerent occupation; and the relationships between belligerent, neutral, and non-belligerent states? (18.5)
A
The law of war, also called the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)
23
Q
What arose from civilized nations’ humanitarian desire to lessen the effects of conflicts? (18.5)
A
Law of war
24
Q
Which law protects combatants and noncombatants, including civilians, from unnecessary suffering, and provides fundamental protections for persons who fall into the hands of the enemy, particularly prisoners of war, civilians, and military wounded, sick, and shipwrecked? (18.5)
A
Law of war
Note: The law aims to keep conflicts from degenerating into savagery and brutality, thereby helping restore peace.
The Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) serves to assist commanders in ensuring the disciplined and efficient use of military force and preserving the professionalism and humanity of combatants. (18.5)
25
Which law serves to assist commanders in ensuring the disciplined and efficient use of military force and preserving the professionalism and humanity of combatants? (18.5)
Law of war
26
Which document requires each military department to
implement effective programs that ensure law of war observance, prevent violations, ensure prompt reporting of alleged violations, and appropriately train all forces? (18.5)
DoD Directive 2311.01, Department of Defense Law of War Program
27
Which training is an obligation of the United States under provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, other law of war treaties, and customary international law? (18.5)
Law of war
Note: Air Force personnel receive Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) training commensurate with their duties and responsibilities. Certain groups, such as aircrews, medical personnel, and security forces, receive specialized training to address unique situations they may encounter.
28
Which Article of the U.S. Constitution states that treaty obligations of the United States are the "supreme law of the land," and the U.S. Supreme Court has held that international legal obligations, to include custom, is part of U.S. law? (18.5)
Article six
Note: This means that treaties and international agreements to which the United States is a party, enjoy equal status to laws passed by Congress and signed by the U.S. President. Therefore, all persons subject to United States law must observe Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) obligations, as well as military personnel, civilians, and contractors authorized to accompany the U.S. Armed Forces when planning or executing operations.
29
What are the five important law of war principles that govern armed conflict? (18.6)
(1) Military Necessity
(2) Humanity
(3) Distinction
(4) Proportionality
(5) Honor
30
Which law of war principle justifies the use of all measures needed to defeat the enemy as quickly and efficiently as possible, that are not prohibited by the law of war? (18.6)
Military necessity
31
Attacks must be limited to military objectives. What classes of persons are included as military objectives? (18.6)
(a) Combatants
(b) Unprivileged belligerents
(c) Civilians taking a direct part in hostilities
32
What do we call objects, including objects which by their nature, location, purpose, or use make an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture, or neutralization, at the time, offer a definite military advantage? Examples of these objects generally include tanks, military aircraft, bases, supplies, lines of communication, and headquarters. (18.6)
Military objectives
Note: Under no circumstances may military necessity authorize actions specifically prohibited by the law of war, such as the murder of prisoners of war, ill treatment of prisoners of war or internees, the taking of hostages, or execution or reprisal against a person or object specifically protected from reprisal.
33
Which law of war principle forbids the infliction of suffering, injury, or destruction unnecessary to accomplish a legitimate military purpose? (18.6)
Humanity
34
True or False? Once a military purpose has been achieved, inflicting more suffering is unnecessary and should be avoided. (18.6)
True
35
Which law of war principle forbids making enemy combatants, who have been placed hors de combat (taken out of the fight) through incapacitation, the object of attack since no military purpose is served by continuing to attack them? (18.6)
Humanity
36
Which law of war principle has been viewed as the source of the civilian population's immunity from being made the object of attack because their inoffensive and harmless character means there is no military purpose served by attacking them? (18.6)
Humanity
37
Which law of war principle imposes a requirement to distinguish (discriminate) between the military forces and the civilian population, and between unprotected and protected objects? (18.6)
Distinction
38
A defender has an obligation to separate civilians and civilian objects (either in the defender's country or in an occupied area) from military objectives. However, when can civilian objects lose their protected status? (18.6)
If they are used to make an effective contribution to military action
39
Employment of voluntary or involuntary human shields to protect military objectives or individual military units or personnel is a fundamental violation of which the law of war principle? (18.6)
Distinction
40
Parties to a conflict that disguise their military forces as civilians or as other protected categories of persons to kill or wound opposing forces are violating which law of war principle? (18.6)
Distinction
41
Which principle of the law of war may be defined as the expectation that even where one is justified in acting, one must not act in a way that is unreasonable or excessive? (18.6)
Proportionality
42
Which principle of the law of war generally weighs the justification for acting against expected harms to determine whether the latter are disproportionate in comparison to the former? (18.6)
Proportionality
43
Which law of war's rule does not require that no incidental damage result from attacks? This rule creates obligations to refrain from attacks where the expected harm incidental to such attacks would be considered excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated to be gained and to take feasible precautions in planning and conducting attacks to reduce the risk of harm to civilians and other protected persons and objects. (18.6)
Proportionality
44
Which principle of the law of war requires a certain amount of fairness in offense and defense and a certain mutual respect between opposing military forces? (18.6)
Honor
45
Which principle of the law of war reflects the principle that parties to a conflict must accept certain limits on their ability to conduct hostilities? (18.6)
Honor
46
Which law of war principle forbids the resort to means, expedients, or conduct that would constitute a breach of trust with the enemy? (18.6)
Honor
47
Enemies must deal with one another in good faith in their non-hostile relations. What does good faith prohibit even in the conduct of hostilities? (18.6)
(1) Killing or wounding enemy persons by resort to perfidy (treachery)
(2) Misusing certain signs
(3) Fighting in the enemy's uniform
(4) Feigning non-hostile relations to seek a military advantage
(5) Compelling nationals of a hostile party to take part in the operations of war directed against their own country
48
How many separate international treaties make up the Geneva Conventions of 1949? These treaties aim to protect all persons taking no active part in hostilities, including members of military forces who have laid down their arms and those combatants placed out of the fight due to sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause. (18.7)
Four
49
True or False? Should doubt exist as to whether a captured individual is a lawful combatant, noncombatant, or an unprivileged belligerent, the individual will receive the protections of the Geneva Prisoner of War Convention until their actual status is determined. (18.7)
True
50
What three classes of persons qualify as "lawful" or "privileged" combatants? (18.7)
(1) Members of the military forces of a state that is a party to a conflict, aside from certain categories of medical and religious personnel
(2) Under certain conditions, members of militia or volunteer corps who are not part of the military forces of a state, but belong to a state
(3) Inhabitants of an area who participate in a kind of popular uprising to defend against foreign invaders, known as a levée en masse
51
What name is given for a person subordinate to a commander, who wears fixed distinctive emblems/uniforms recognizable at a distance, carries arms openly, and conducts his or her combat operations according to the law of war? (18.7)
Combatant
52
Who are (a) subject to capture and detention as prisoners of war by opposing military forces; (b) have a special legal status, as well as certain rights, duties, and liabilities; (c) have the right to prisoner of war status if they fall into the power of the enemy during international armed conflict, and (d) have legal immunity from domestic law for acts done under military authority and in accordance with the law of war? (18.7)
Lawful combatants
53
Which term includes certain military personnel who are members of the military forces not authorized to engage in combatant activities, such as permanent medical personnel and religious affairs personnel? They must be respected and protected and may not be made the object of attack. (18.7)
Noncombatants
54
Who, as a type of non-combatants, are protected persons and may not be made the object of direct attack? They may; however, suffer injury or death incident to a direct attack on a military objective without such an attack violating the law of war, if such attack is on a lawful target by lawful means and adheres to the principal of proportionality. (18.7)
Civilians
Note: With limited exceptions, the LOAC does not authorize civilians to take an active or direct part in hostilities.
55
Which term, not used in the Geneva Conventions, but defined in the DoD Manual on the Law of War, includes "lawful combatants who have forfeited the privileges of combatant status by engaging in spying or sabotage, and private persons who have forfeited one or more of the protections of civilian status by engaging in hostilities?" (18.7)
Unprivileged belligerent
56
What is an individual called who is not authorized by a state that is party to a conflict to take part in hostilities but does so anyway? (18.7)
Unprivileged belligerent
57
What includes any object that, by their own nature, location, purpose, or use, makes an effective contribution to military action and whose total or partial destruction, capture, or neutralization in the circumstances ruling at the time, offers a definite military advantage? (18.8)
Military objectives
58
True or False? Military objectives may not be attacked when the expected incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, and damage to civilian objects would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage expected to be gained. (18.8)
True
Note: In general, military operations must not be directed against civilians. In particular, civilians must not be made the object of attack and must not be used as shields or hostages.
59
True or False? Measures of intimidation or terrorism against the civilian population are prohibited, including acts or threats of violence with the primary purpose of spreading terror. (18.8)
True
60
True or False? The principle that military operations must not be directed against civilians does not prohibit military operations short of violence that are militarily necessary. (18.8)
True
61
What should be taken to reduce the risk of harm to civilians and civilian objects when planning and conducting attacks, and in connection with certain types of weapons? (18.8)
Feasible precautions
62
When information is imperfect or lacking, as will frequently be the case during armed conflict, under what decision-making guideline may commanders and other decisionmakers direct and conduct military operations? (18.8)
So long as they make a good faith assessment of the information that is available to them at the time
63
Which members play a critical role in determining the propriety of a target and the choice of weapon to be used under the particular circumstances known to the commander when planning an attack? (18.8)
Judge advocates, intelligence, and operations personnel
64
What objects does the law of war provide specific protection for? (18.8)
(a) Medical units or establishments
(b) Transports of wounded and sick personnel
(c) Military and civilian hospital ships
(d) Safety zones established under the Geneva Conventions
(e) Religious, cultural, and charitable buildings, monuments; and prisoner of war camps
65
The law of war provides specific protection for certain objects. What are two exceptions regarding this protection status? (18.8)
(1) If these protected objects are used for military purposes, they may lose their protected status
(2) An attack on protected objects near lawful military objectives that suffer collateral damage when the nearby military objectives are lawfully engaged does not violate law of war, subject to adherence to the principle of proportionality
66
Enemy military aircraft may be attacked and destroyed. What is the exception to this? (18.8)
Unless in neutral airspace or territory
67
True or False? Airmen who parachute from a disabled aircraft and offer no resistance may not be attacked. (18.8)
True
Note: However, Airmen who resist in descent or are downed behind their own lines and who continue to fight may be subject to attack.
68
When may a civilian aircraft be considered an immediate military threat and may be lawfully attacked (on the basis it qualifies as a military objective)? (18.8)
If it initiates an attack
69
What justifies an attack when a civil aircraft approaches a military base at high speed or enters enemy territory without permission and disregards signals or warnings to land or proceed to a designated place? (18.8)
An immediate military threat--hostile intent
70
When are military medical aircraft entitled to protection from attack by enemy combatants? (18.8)
While flying at heights, times, and on routes specifically agreed upon between the parties to the conflict
Note: Under the law of war, a military medical aircraft found to be in violation of established agreements could be lawfully attacked and destroyed.
71
True or False? Following doctrinal guidance, such as accuracy of targeting, concentration of effort, maximization of military advantage, conservation of resources, avoidance of excessive collateral damage, and economy of force, is consistent with the law of war and reinforces compliance. (18.9)
True
72
True or False? Each member of the armed services has a duty to comply with the law of war, which includes the refusal to comply with clearly illegal orders to commit law of war violations. (18.9)
True
Note: For LOAC violations, members can be prosecuted by courts-martial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice or through an international military tribunal.
73
To whom shall Department of Defense personnel who suspect or have information which might reasonably be viewed as a violation of the law of war committed by or against U.S. personnel, enemy personnel, or any other individual, promptly report the violation? (18.9)
To their immediate commander or the proper authority
74
Where should a report be made if the allegation of an apparent law of war violation involves or may involve a U.S. commander? (18.9)
To the next higher United States command authority
75
What exists to ensure use of force in an operation occurs according to national policy goals, mission requirements, and the rule of law? (18.10)
Rules of engagement
76
In general, what type of parameters do the rules of engagement set? (18.10)
When, where, how, why, and against whom commanders and their Airmen may use force
77
Who approves and issues the standing rules of engagement? (18.10)
Approved by the U.S. President and Secretary of Defense and are issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
78
What provides implementation guidance on the inherent right of self-defense and the application of force for mission accomplishment? (18.10)
Standing rules of engagement
Note: All Airmen have a duty and a legal obligation to understand, remember, and apply rules of engagement.
79
What presents a more specific application of the law of war principles, tailored to the political and military nature of a mission which are contained in execution orders, operations plans, and operations orders? (18.10)
Mission-specific rules of engagement
Note: Commanders at every echelon have an obligation to ensure that all operations comply with the mission rules of engagement and with the standing rules of engagement.
80
Which statement is the fundamental U.S. policy on self-defense and is repeatedly stated throughout the standing rules of engagement? (18.10)
"These rules 'do not' limit a commander's inherent authority and obligation to use 'all' necessary means available to take all appropriate actions in self-defense of the commander's unit and other U.S. Armed Forces in the vicinity."
81
Self-defense methods include national, collective, unit, and individual levels of action. What are four elements that must be considered before undertaking the use of force in self-defense? (18.10)
(1) De-escalation
(2) Necessity
(3) Proportionality
(4) Pursuit
82
When time and circumstances permit, the forces committing hostile acts or hostile intent should be warned and given the opportunity to withdraw or cease threatening actions. What is this called when it is done before undertaking the use of force in self-defense? (18.10)
De-escalation
83
Which law of war principle focuses on the threat perceived by an individual or if a hostile act is committed or hostile intent is demonstrated against U.S. Armed Forces or other designated persons or property? (18.10)
Necessity
84
Which law of war principle requires that no reasonable alternative means of redress are available? (18.10)
Necessity
85
What is defined as forces or threats of force used against the United States, U.S. Armed Forces, designated persons and property, or intended to impede the mission of U.S. Armed Forces? (18.10)
Hostilities
86
Which law of war principle in the context of self-defense under the rules of engagement relates to the reasonableness of the response to a threat? Force used must be reasonable in intensity, duration, and magnitude compared to the threat based on facts known to the commander at the time. (18.10)
Proportionality
Note: In self-defense, U.S. Armed Forces may only use the amount of force necessary to decisively counter a hostile act or a demonstration of hostile intent and ensure the continued safety of U.S. Armed Forces or other designated persons and property.
87
U.S. Armed Forces can pursue and engage a hostile force that has committed a hostile act or demonstrated a hostile intent if those forces continue to commit hostile acts or demonstrate hostile intent. Which LOAC principle is this? (18.10)
Pursuit
Note: Applicable rules of engagement may restrict or place limitations on U.S. Armed Forces' ability to pursue or engage a hostile force across an international border.
88
What is a moral code designed to provide U.S. military personnel with a standard of conduct that all members are expected to measure up to? (18.11)
Code of Conduct
89
What is a moral code designed to provide U.S. military personnel with a standard of conduct that all members are expected to measure up to? (18.11)
Code of Conduct
90
Which articles were designed to address situations that any member could encounter to some degree? It includes basic information useful to prisoners of war to help them survive honorably while resisting captors' efforts to exploit them as well as other hostile detentions, such as hostage scenarios. (18.11)
Six articles of the Code of Conduct
Note: Survival and resistance in hostile situations requires knowledge and understanding of the six articles.
91
True or False? Violations of the Code of Conduct are not criminally punishable per se, but actions that also violate the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) may subject members to disciplinary action. (18.11)
True
92
Regarding Code of Conduct training, what three factors determine the level of knowledge members need? (18.11)
(a) How likely they are to be captured
(b) Their exposure to sensitive information
(c) How useful or valuable a captor considers them to be
93
What are the three Code of Conduct training levels? (18.11)
Level A--Entry Level Training
Level B--Training After Assumption of Duty Eligibility
Level C--Training Upon Assumption of Duties or Responsibilities
94
Which level of Code of Conduct training represents the minimum level of understanding needed for all members of the U.S. Armed Forces? (18.11)
Level A--Entry Level Training
Note: This level is imparted to all personnel during entry training.
95
Which level of Code of Conduct training is the minimum level of understanding needed for service members whose military jobs, specialties, or assignments entail moderate risk of capture, such as members of ground combat units? (18.11)
Level B--Training After Assumption of Duty Eligibility
Note: Training is conducted for such service members as soon as their assumption of duty makes them eligible.
96
Which level of Code of Conduct training is the minimum level of understanding needed for military service members whose military jobs, specialties, or assignments entail significant or high risk of capture and whose position, rank, or seniority makes them vulnerable to greater-than-average exploitation efforts by a captor? (18.11)
Level C--Training Upon Assumption of Duties or Responsibilities
Note: Examples include aircrews and special mission forces, such as pararescue teams. Training for these members is conducted upon their assumption of the duties or responsibilities that make them eligible.
97
Which president first published the Code of Conduct for members of the U.S. Armed Forces on 17 August 1955? (18.12)
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
98
In March 1988, which president amended the code with gender-neutral language? (18.12)
President Ronald W. Reagan
99
Which article of the Code of Conduct states: "I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense?" (18.12)
ARTICLE I
100
Which article of the Code of Conduct states: "I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist?" (18.12)
ARTICLE II
101
Which article of the Code of Conduct states: "If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy?" (18.12)
ARTICLE III
102
Which article of the Code of Conduct states: "If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way?" (18.12)
ARTICLE IV
103
Which article of the Code of Conduct states: "When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number, and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause?" (18.12)
ARTICLE V
104
Which article of the Code of Conduct states: "I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America?" (18.12)
ARTICLE VI
105
Based on past experiences of captured Americans, what is revealed regarding honorable survival in captivity? (18.12)
It requires a high degree of dedication and motivation
Note: Maintaining these qualities requires knowledge of and a strong belief in the advantages of American democratic institutions and concepts, as well as a love of and faith in the United States and a conviction that the United States cause is just.
106
What does honorable survival in captivity depend on? (18.12)
Faith in, and loyalty to, fellow prisoners of war
Note: Possessing the dedication and motivation fostered by such beliefs and trust may help prisoners of war survive long, stressful periods of captivity, and has helped many return to their country and families with their honor and self-esteem intact.
107
What is the duty of members of the U.S. Armed Forces when isolated and no longer able to inflict casualties on the enemy or otherwise defend themselves? (18.12)
To evade capture and rejoin the nearest friendly force
Note: Members of the U.S. Armed Forces may never surrender voluntarily.
108
What is the willful act of giving oneself up to the enemy? (18.12)
Surrender
109
It is the duty of members of the U.S. Armed Forces to evade capture and rejoin the nearest friendly force. When is capture honorable? (18.12)
When a member has no means to resist, evasion is impossible, and further fighting would lead to death of the United States member with no significant loss to the enemy
110
True or False? Capture dictated by overwhelming enemy strength and the futility of fighting is not dishonorable. (18.12)
True
111
True or False? Under the UCMJ, a U.S. commander who shamefully surrenders to the enemy, any command or place that is his or her duty to defend, is subject to punishment. (18.12)
True
Note: In addition, any person subject to the UCMJ who compels or attempts to compel a commander of any place, vessel, aircraft, or other military property, or of any body of members of the Armed Forces, to give it up to an enemy or to abandon it, or who strikes the colors or flag to an enemy without proper authority, is subject to punishment.
112
True or False? Contrary to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, enemies that United States forces have engaged since 1949 have treated the prisoner of war compound as an extension of the battlefield. The prisoner of war must be prepared for this. (18.12)
True
Note: Enemies have used a variety of tactics to exploit prisoners of war for propaganda purposes or to obtain military information, in spite of Geneva Convention prohibitions.
113
True or False? A prisoner of war must not seek special privileges or accept special favors at the expense of fellow prisoners of war. (18.12)
True
114
Under whose guidance and supervision must the prisoner of war be prepared to take advantage of escape opportunities? (18.12)
Senior military person
115
What must be considered in communal detention regarding escape opportunities? (18.12)
The welfare of the prisoners of war who remain behind
116
Prisoners of war should not sign or enter into a parole agreement. What are parole agreements? (18.12)
Promises the prisoners of war make to the captor to fulfill stated conditions, such as not to bear arms, in exchange for special privileges, such as release or lessened restraint
117
True or False? Some captors have accused prisoners of war of being war criminals simply because they waged war against them. (18.12)
True
118
Continued efforts to escape are critical. Why? (18.12)
(a) The enemy must divert forces that may otherwise be fighting
(b) Provides the United States valuable information about the enemy and other prisoners of war
(c) Serves as a positive example to all members of the U.S. Armed Forces
119
Strong leadership is essential to discipline. What may be impossible without discipline? (18.12)
- Camp organization
- Resistance
- Survival
120
What is imperative during captivity? (18.12)
- Personal hygiene
- Camp sanitation
- Care of the sick and wounded
121
How must prisoners of war organize in captivity? (18.12)
In a military manner under the senior military prisoner of war, regardless of military service
Note: If the senior prisoner of war is incapacitated or otherwise unable to act, the next senior prisoner of war assumes command.
122
During captivity, who is considered a traitor to the United States and fellow prisoners of war, and after repatriation, is subject to punishment under the UCMJ? (18.12)
Prisoner of war who voluntarily informs or collaborates with the captor
123
What six principles must service members be familiar with while in captivity? (18.12)
(1) Hygiene
(2) Sanitation
(3) Health maintenance
(4) First aid
(5) Physical conditioning
(6) Food utilization
124
When questioned, what is a prisoner of war required by the Geneva Conventions, and permitted by the UCMJ, to give? (18.12)
Name, rank, service number, and date of birth
125
What is a prisoner of war allowed, but not required to do by the Code of Conduct, the UCMJ, or the Geneva Conventions? (18.12)
(a) To fill out a Geneva Conventions capture card
(b) To write letters home
(c) To communicate with captors on matters of health and welfare
126
Who is required to represent prisoners of war in matters of camp administration, health, welfare, and grievances? (18.12)
Senior prisoner of war
127
True or False? Experience has shown that, although enemy interrogation sessions may be harsh and cruel, a prisoner of war can usually resist if there is a will to resist. (18.12)
True
128
What is the best way for a prisoner of war to keep faith with the United States, fellow prisoners of war, and him or herself? (18.12)
To provide the enemy with as little information as possible
129
Service members familiarize themselves with the various aspects of interrogation. What does this include? (18.12)
(a) Phases, procedures, methods, and techniques
(b) The interrogator's goals, strengths, and weaknesses
130
What four techniques should members use to avoid disclosing information? (18.12)
Claiming inability to furnish information because of:
(a) previous orders
(b) poor memory
(c) ignorance
(d) lack of comprehension
131
True or False? Short of death, it is unlikely that a prisoner of war will prevent a skilled enemy interrogator, using all available psychological and physical methods of coercion, from obtaining some degree of compliance. (18.12)
True
Note: However, the prisoner of war must recover as quickly as possible and resist successive efforts to the utmost.
132
When repatriated, prisoners of war can expect their actions to be subject to review, including both the circumstances of capture and conduct during detention. What is the purpose of such a review? (18.12)
To recognize meritorious performance and, if necessary, investigate any allegations of misconduct
Note: Such reviews are conducted with due regard for the rights of the individual and consideration for the conditions of captivity.
133
What may result from the failure to follow the guidance Code of Conduct? (18.12)
Violations punishable under the UCMJ, and service members may be held legally accountable for their actions
134
U.S. laws provide for the support and care of dependents of the U.S. Armed Forces, including prisoners of war family members. What must military members ensure? (18.12)
Their personal affairs and family matters are up to date at all times
135
True or False? No United States prisoner of war will be forgotten. Every available means will be employed to establish contact with, support, and obtain the release of all our U.S. prisoners of war. (18.12)
True
136
Basic protections available to prisoners of war under the Geneva Conventions may not be adhered to during operations other than war. Therefore, what laws may personnel detained be subject to? (18.13)
Domestic criminal laws of the detaining nation
137
During operations other than war, what should be used as a moral guide to assist personnel to uphold the ideals of Department of Defense policy and survive their ordeal with honor? (18.13)
Code of Conduct
138
When a hostile government or terrorist group detains or captures U.S. military personnel, what is the captor often attempting to do? (18.13)
Exploit both the individual and the U.S. Government for its own purposes
Note: Exploitation can take many forms, such as hostage confessions to crimes never committed, international news media exploitation, and substantial ransom demands, all of which can lead to increased credibility and support for the detainer.
139
U.S. military personnel detained by unfriendly governments or held hostage by a terrorist group must do everything in their power to survive with honor. What must military personnel do to best survive the situation? (18.13)
Maintain faith in their country, in fellow detainees, or captives, and most importantly, in themselves
140
In any group captivity situation during operations other than war, how must military captives organize to the fullest extent possible? (18.13)
Under the senior military member present. If civilians are part of the group, they should be encouraged to participate
141
During operations other than war, U.S. military personnel must make every reasonable effort to prevent captors from exploiting them and the U.S. Government. If exploitation cannot be prevented, what must military members attempt to do? (18.13)
Limit it
Note: When a detention or hostage situation ends, military members who can honestly say they did their utmost to resist exploitation will have upheld Department of Defense policy, the founding principles of the United States, and the highest traditions of military service.
142
True or False? During operations other than war, if detainees convince their captors of their low propaganda value, the captors may seek a quick end to the situation. (18.13)
True
143
During operations other than war, what shall U.S. military personnel maintain regardless of the type of detention or captivity, or brutality of treatment? (18.13)
Military bearing
Note: They should make every effort to remain calm and courteous, and project personal dignity, particularly during the process of capture and the early stages of internment when captors may be uncertain of their control over the captives.
144
True or False? Discourteous, nonmilitary behavior seldom serves long-term interests of a detainee or hostage and often results in unnecessary punishment that serves no useful purpose. (18.13)
True
Note: Such behavior may jeopardize survival and complicate efforts to gain release of the detainee or hostage.
145
During operations other than war, detainees in the custody of an unfriendly government, regardless of the circumstances that resulted in the detention, are subject to which laws? (18.13)
Laws of that government
146
As American citizens, detainees in the custody of a hostile government should ask immediately and continually for what? (18.13)
To see United States embassy personnel or a representative of an allied or neutral government
147
U.S. military personnel who become lost or isolated in an unfriendly foreign country during operations other than war will not act as combatants during evasion attempts. Why? (18.13)
During operations other than war, there is no protection afforded under the Geneva Convention. The civil laws of that country apply.
148
During operations other than war, in addition to asking for a U.S. representative, what should detainees provide? (18.13)
- Name
- Rank
- Service number
- Date of birth
- The innocent circumstances leading to their detention
Note: They should limit further discussions to health and welfare matters, conditions of their fellow detainees, and going home.
149
True or False? During operations other than war, U.S. military detainees should not refuse release, unless doing so requires them to compromise their honor or cause damage to the U.S. Government or its allies. (18.13)
True
150
Attempting to escape an unfriendly government detention is not recommended by Department of Defense policy except under life threatening circumstances. Why is this? (18.13)
Because attempted or actual escape from a government confinement facility will likely constitute a violation of the unfriendly government's criminal law and may subject the escapee to increased criminal prosecution
151
Other than war captivity, what is generally the least predictable and structured form of operations? (18.13)
Capture by terrorists
Note: Capture can range from a spontaneous kidnapping to a carefully planned hijacking.
152
Why do hostages play an important role in determining their own fate when captured by terrorists? (18.13)
Because terrorists rarely expect to receive rewards for providing good treatment or releasing victims unharmed
153
What does the Department of Defense policy accept and encourage U.S. hostages to establish between themselves and the terrorists in order to promote themselves as people in the terrorist's mind rather than a stereotypical symbol of a country the terrorist may hate? (18.13)
Rapport
154
What type of topics does the Department of Defense policy recommend U.S. personnel to stay away from when talking with terrorists if captured? (18.13)
Topics that could inflame terrorist sensibilities, such as their cause, politics, or religion
155
What can be vitally important when survival is at stake? Members should not argue, patronize, or debate issues with the captors. (18.13)
Listening
156
True or False? During rescue attempts, hostages should take cover, remain stationary when practicable, and not attempt to help rescuers. (18.13)
True
Note: Hostages may experience rough handling from the rescuers until the rescuers separate the terrorists from the hostages.
