Stallion Mgt Flashcards
How are stallions and bulls different?
Stallions are chosen off of performance not fertility
Stallions reach puberty when? Sexual maturity?
P; 12-14 mo
S: 4-5 yo
What are the two types of artificial vaginas?
Missouri and colorado
What things can be controlled during semen collection?
Temp, pressure, lubrication
Two ways to collect semen?
Off mare or off phantom
What are good sperm handling techniques?
Warmth, protection from light
Need a ____ to calculate motility, and a ____ to determine concentration
Microscope
Sperm counter
Collection must haves
Consistency, manners, safety
What do hobbles help with?
Kicking of mare
What things are looked at during semen processing?
Volume, concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility
How is the total sperm number calculated?
Volume x concentration
Two ways to get concentration
Blue box (densimeter)
Hemacytometer
Inaccuracies of the densemeter (blue box)
Too diluted or too concentrated
Debris
Other cells
No extenders
Name 3 cooled semen extenders?
Protein, sugar, antibiotics
Sugars- sucrose, fructose, glucose
Antibiotics- penillion, gentacin, ticarcillin
How is sperm categorized?
By defect
How to view sperm morphology?
Fixed in buffered formalin
Stain
Count 100 sperm
Oil emersion
Cause of abnormal heads?
Testicular issue
Cause of abnormal mid piece?
Testicular issue
Cause of detached head?
Storage issue
Bent tail cause?
Testicular issue or human error
Causes of proximal or distal droplets?
Overuse of stallion or one that hasn’t collected in a while
Coiled tail cause?
Testicular issue
Timing of breeding for live cover/fresh?
48 hours before - 6 hours after ovulation
Timing of breeding for cooled semen?
24 (48) hours before- 6 hours after
Timing of breeding for frozen semen
12 hours before- 6 hours after
How much sperm does the mare need for a standard insemination dose?
500 million progressively motile sperm
When shipping how much sperm and why?
1 billion PM sperm since assume 50% motility loss in 24 hours
Extend semen to ____sperm/mL
25-50 million
Extend semen to ___% seminal plasma
5-20%
Must have at least ___ dilution for optimal extension?
1:4
Shipping of semen
5 C for temp; overnight or counter to counter
What to do when you get the semen?
Want to see at least 500 million PM sperm
Warm sample for 15 min for analysis
Prep mare
Inseimate mare
What is the industry standard for frozen stallion PM sperm?
Above 30% (very pitiful still)
When using frozen semen what to expect
Shorter lifespan, breeding close to ovulation, lower pregnancy rate 50/50 shot
Issues with low libido?
Posssibly not mature enough
What is the most common problem in stallions?
Low libido
How to help low libido?
Change environment, house them with mares, prolonged teasing, gnRh for a natural testosterone boost, testosterone (last resort)
Why is giving testosterone the last resort for a low libido?
Aggression and shuts down the natural production
What is a azoospermia?
No sperm in ejaculate, incomplete ejaculation
Causes of a azoospermia?
Testicular degeneration, blockage, congenital abnormalities
What is urospermia?
Urine in the sperm
How is urospermia diagnosed?
Seminal plasma creative (urine test)
How to help urospermia?
Urinate before collection
Needs imipramine (anti-depressant)
PPA
What is hemospermia?
Blood in ejaculate
Causes of hemospermia?
Penicillin neoplasia, urethral tear,
What is oligiospermia?
Low total sperm number
How to fix low total sperm number?
Centrifuge to help concentrate
Collect them less
Manage mare
How to treat poor quality sperm?
Time
Processing techniques
Anti-oxidants
Find and correct cause
Mare mgt
Assisted reproduction
