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Horse Production > Neonatal Diseases and Disorders > Flashcards

Neonatal Diseases and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

when should the umbilical dip occur?

A

within 30 min of cord breaking

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2
Q

what to do the umbilical dip with?

A

0.5% chlorohexidine, every 6 hours for the first 24 hours

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3
Q

what can occur if the stump is not cleaned properly and dried?

A

persistent/patent urachus

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4
Q

when should you call your vet for the well-foal checkup?

A

about 12 hours later for vitals and IgG snap test

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5
Q

types of enemas?

A

warm water, mineral oil, soap, name brands

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6
Q

a foal is premature if born when?

A

before 320 days of gestation

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7
Q

characteristics of premature foals?

A

fine, silky hair, floppy ears, lax tendons, domed forehead

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8
Q

what is a dysmature foal?

A

born on or after due date

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9
Q

signs of a dysmature foal?

A

smaller than usual, may look premature
caused by placental infections or other illnesses

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10
Q

what is the prognosis for a premature or dysmature foal?

A

fair to good

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11
Q

what is one of the most common causes of colic in newborns?

A

meconium impaction

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12
Q

meconium impaction is more likely when?

A

over 340 days of gestation

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13
Q

symptoms of meconium impaction?

A

straining/hunched appearance (kyphosis)
colic signs
fast HR and R rate

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14
Q

how to treat a meconium impaction?

A

pain mgt
enema
surgery

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15
Q

what is failure of passive transfer (FPT)?

A

foals considered immunocompetent but immunologically naive

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16
Q

IgG snap test 3 criteria and what they mean?

A

> 800 mg/dL = good to go
400-800 mg/dL = partial failure
<400 mg/dL complete failure

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17
Q

what percentage of foals experience low IgG levels?

A

25%

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18
Q

what to give a foal if they have partial or complete FPT?

A

plasma IV >1,200 mg/dL

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19
Q

6-12 hours after birth, the foal must consume how much colostrum?

A

1-3L

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20
Q

12 hours after birth colostrum does what?

A

begins to decline

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21
Q

24 hours after birth what happens with colostrum and the foal?

A

the foal’s small intestine cannot absorb antibodies

22
Q

what is neonatal sepsis?

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

23
Q

bacterial sepsis is ____ of foal mortality?

A

1/3th

24
Q

main causes of bacterial sepsis?

A

E. coli and enterobacteriacea (60-70%)

25
Q

symptoms of neonatal sepsis?

A

loss of suckle reflex
hypoglycemia
depression

26
Q

treatment for neonatal sepsis?

A

broad-spectrum antibiotics
IV fluid therapy
IV glucose
lavage of septic cavities
plasma therapy
respiratory support

27
Q

prognosis for neonatal sepsis?

A

early=better
50-81% survival rate with 1-4 weeks of intensive care

28
Q

neonatal maladjustment syndrome is aka?

A

neonatal encephalopathy
peripartum asphgyxia syndrome
dummy foal
wanderer foal
barker foal

29
Q

risk factors for neonatal maladjustment syndrome?

A

material- C-section
placental- infection
fetal- pre or dys mature

30
Q

symptoms of neonatal maladjustment syndrome?

A

lethargy
weird behavior
seizures
neurological deficits

31
Q

treatment of neonatal maladjustment syndrome?

A

supportive care
nutritional support
madigan foal squeeze
anticonvulsants

32
Q

what is entropion?

A

eyelids fold inward and press on cornea (usually on lower lid but can be either)

33
Q

causes and symptoms of entropion?

A

causes: hereditary, injury, dehydrated, poor stiches
symptoms: irritated red eyes, gray colored cornea, squinting, unable to open eyes

34
Q

treatment and prognosis of entropion?

A

surgical or eyedrops, good prognosis if treated

35
Q

FLDs are deviations in the leg structure from the ____ view?

A

profile

36
Q

what joint is mostly affected in FLDs?

A

carpal/ fetlock

37
Q

FLDs can be congenital or acquired; T/F?

A

true

38
Q

ahow are FLDs congenital?

A

uterine positioning, toxins consumed by mare, dystocia

39
Q

how are FLDs acquired?

A

rapid growth spurts or nutrition

40
Q

FLD- laxity is common in what foals?

A

premature and dysmature

41
Q

mild causes of laxity usually what? severe?

A

mild: resolve on their own (1d-1 wk)
severe: protection of lower limbs, good bedding, corrective trimming/shoes with heel extensions

42
Q

FLD-contracture is what?

A

tendons are too tense

43
Q

severe cases of contracture?

A

all limbs, torticollis (wry neck), wry nose, scoliosis

44
Q

FLD additional treatments?

A

splits, corrective trimming with heel or toe extension, nutrition, surgery, IV oxytetracycline (which binds with Ca to allow muscle relaxation)

45
Q

ADLs are deviations in the skeletal strcture that are seen from what view?

A

front/rear

46
Q

valgus vs. varus?

A

valgus: away from midline
varus: towards midline

47
Q

how are ALDs named?

A

joint and direction of deformity

48
Q

congenital causes of ALDs?

A

placentitis, uterine positioning, rapid in-utero growth, genetics, twinning, pre or dys-maturity, in-utero soft tissue trauma

49
Q

acquired causes of ALDs?

A

compensation injury due to other lameness
excessive exercuse
conformational defects
overfeeding
imbalanced diets

50
Q

ALDs treatments?

A

self resolve in mild causes
excessive restriction
splints/casts
therapeutic trimming/shoes
nutrition
surgery

Horse Production (22 decks)

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