Neonatal Diseases and Disorders Flashcards
when should the umbilical dip occur?
within 30 min of cord breaking
what to do the umbilical dip with?
0.5% chlorohexidine, every 6 hours for the first 24 hours
what can occur if the stump is not cleaned properly and dried?
persistent/patent urachus
when should you call your vet for the well-foal checkup?
about 12 hours later for vitals and IgG snap test
types of enemas?
warm water, mineral oil, soap, name brands
a foal is premature if born when?
before 320 days of gestation
characteristics of premature foals?
fine, silky hair, floppy ears, lax tendons, domed forehead
what is a dysmature foal?
born on or after due date
signs of a dysmature foal?
smaller than usual, may look premature
caused by placental infections or other illnesses
what is the prognosis for a premature or dysmature foal?
fair to good
what is one of the most common causes of colic in newborns?
meconium impaction
meconium impaction is more likely when?
over 340 days of gestation
symptoms of meconium impaction?
straining/hunched appearance (kyphosis)
colic signs
fast HR and R rate
how to treat a meconium impaction?
pain mgt
enema
surgery
what is failure of passive transfer (FPT)?
foals considered immunocompetent but immunologically naive
IgG snap test 3 criteria and what they mean?
> 800 mg/dL = good to go
400-800 mg/dL = partial failure
<400 mg/dL complete failure
what percentage of foals experience low IgG levels?
25%
what to give a foal if they have partial or complete FPT?
plasma IV >1,200 mg/dL
6-12 hours after birth, the foal must consume how much colostrum?
1-3L
12 hours after birth colostrum does what?
begins to decline
24 hours after birth what happens with colostrum and the foal?
the foal’s small intestine cannot absorb antibodies
what is neonatal sepsis?
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
bacterial sepsis is ____ of foal mortality?
1/3th
main causes of bacterial sepsis?
E. coli and enterobacteriacea (60-70%)
symptoms of neonatal sepsis?
loss of suckle reflex
hypoglycemia
depression
treatment for neonatal sepsis?
broad-spectrum antibiotics
IV fluid therapy
IV glucose
lavage of septic cavities
plasma therapy
respiratory support
prognosis for neonatal sepsis?
early=better
50-81% survival rate with 1-4 weeks of intensive care
neonatal maladjustment syndrome is aka?
neonatal encephalopathy
peripartum asphgyxia syndrome
dummy foal
wanderer foal
barker foal
risk factors for neonatal maladjustment syndrome?
material- C-section
placental- infection
fetal- pre or dys mature
symptoms of neonatal maladjustment syndrome?
lethargy
weird behavior
seizures
neurological deficits
treatment of neonatal maladjustment syndrome?
supportive care
nutritional support
madigan foal squeeze
anticonvulsants
what is entropion?
eyelids fold inward and press on cornea (usually on lower lid but can be either)
causes and symptoms of entropion?
causes: hereditary, injury, dehydrated, poor stiches
symptoms: irritated red eyes, gray colored cornea, squinting, unable to open eyes
treatment and prognosis of entropion?
surgical or eyedrops, good prognosis if treated
FLDs are deviations in the leg structure from the ____ view?
profile
what joint is mostly affected in FLDs?
carpal/ fetlock
FLDs can be congenital or acquired; T/F?
true
ahow are FLDs congenital?
uterine positioning, toxins consumed by mare, dystocia
how are FLDs acquired?
rapid growth spurts or nutrition
FLD- laxity is common in what foals?
premature and dysmature
mild causes of laxity usually what? severe?
mild: resolve on their own (1d-1 wk)
severe: protection of lower limbs, good bedding, corrective trimming/shoes with heel extensions
FLD-contracture is what?
tendons are too tense
severe cases of contracture?
all limbs, torticollis (wry neck), wry nose, scoliosis
FLD additional treatments?
splits, corrective trimming with heel or toe extension, nutrition, surgery, IV oxytetracycline (which binds with Ca to allow muscle relaxation)
ADLs are deviations in the skeletal strcture that are seen from what view?
front/rear
valgus vs. varus?
valgus: away from midline
varus: towards midline
how are ALDs named?
joint and direction of deformity
congenital causes of ALDs?
placentitis, uterine positioning, rapid in-utero growth, genetics, twinning, pre or dys-maturity, in-utero soft tissue trauma
acquired causes of ALDs?
compensation injury due to other lameness
excessive exercuse
conformational defects
overfeeding
imbalanced diets
ALDs treatments?
self resolve in mild causes
excessive restriction
splints/casts
therapeutic trimming/shoes
nutrition
surgery
