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Horse Production > Parasite Management > Flashcards

Parasite Management Flashcards

1
Q

name ectoparasites

A

arthopods (ticks) and flies

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2
Q

name endoparasites

A

nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, acanthocephalans, protozoa

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3
Q

external parasite control costs US horse owners how much each year?

A

270 million

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4
Q

name 3 common ectoparasite culprits

A

ticks, lice, flies, gnats, mites, chiggers

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5
Q

name the blood-feeding flies

A

stable flies, horn flies, biting midges, mosquitoes, horse/deer flies

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6
Q

name non biting flies

A

house flies and face flies

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7
Q

house flies produce in what manure and face flies where?

A

house- horse
face-cow

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8
Q

myiasis is what?

A

fly strike from filth-breeding flies (blow, bottle, flesh)

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9
Q

what is the most concerning worm for myiasis?

A

screwworms

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10
Q

treatment for myiasis?

A

debriding and notify authorities (have been eradicated in US)

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11
Q

what are true bot flies called?

A

gasterophilus intestinalis

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12
Q

external parasite control options

A

eliminate standing water
remove manure regularly
place fans in barns and shed to discourage flies
bring horses inside at dusk when gnats/mosquitoes are a problem
use pesticides
chemical and biological control

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13
Q

how to deter biting insects with feed through control

A

garlic
apple cider vinegar
brewer’s yeast

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14
Q

what feed through control can discourage insect breeding

A

diatomaceous earth- no impact on internal parasites but good for external

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15
Q

feed through controls that disrupt larval development

A

solitude IGR and SimpliFly

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16
Q

what is pediculosis

A

lice infestation

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17
Q

what are the two species of lice?

A

sucking louse and biting louse
sucking- blood and fluid
biting- dead skin and debris

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18
Q

what horses does lice affect mostly?

A

poor BCS and immunocompromised

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19
Q

diagnosis of lice?

A

itchy horse
severe weight loss
seen by naked eye

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20
Q

what are the two species of mites (aka mange) in horses?

A

body mites and leg mites

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21
Q

what horse breed is most susceptible to mites?

A

draft breeds with the feathers

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22
Q

how to diagnose mites?

A

itchy, biting at legs, skin scraping

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23
Q

diseases caused by ticks?

A

lyme, anaplasmosis, proplasmosis

24
Q

what can internal parasites cause?

A

dull, rough hair coat
lack of energy
tail rubbing
weight loss or failure to gain weight
anorexia
diarrhea
colic

25
Q

name internal parasites?

A

threadworms, large and small strongyles, ascarids, pinworms, tapeworms, stomach worms, and lung worms

26
Q

ascarids are primarily a problem in ____ horses causing what?

A

young horses, impaction colic

27
Q

explain the cycle of ascarids?

A

larvae in intestinal wall go into bloodstream where they travel to the heart and liver into the lungs where they are coughed up and swallowed into the GI tract

28
Q

what is the most common internal parasite in horses today?

A

strong strongyles

29
Q

explain cycle of small strongyles

A

large intestine where they are encysted and emerge into the lumen DO NOT MIGRATE

30
Q

deworming practices based on what?

A

large strongyles

31
Q

large strongyle cycle

A

migrate to return to small intestine where they atatch to the GI to take nutrients DO NOT ENCYST

32
Q

pinworms deposit eggs where?

A

perianal region

33
Q

life cycle of a bot?

A

summer until first hard frost about 1 year
eggs depositied on face, legs, barrel, chest and the horse licks them, larvae burrow into tongue. mature in stomach lining and detatch

34
Q

do threadworms need a host?

A

no

35
Q

threadworm life cycle

A

eggs penetrate skin -> lungs -> trachae -> coughed up -> swallowed or through milk

36
Q

lungworms are common in?

A

donkeys

37
Q

lungworm symptoms?

A

coughing, increased respiration, nasal discharge, eggs?

38
Q

stomach worms (name the 2 types) do what?

A

gastric -> fibrous tumors or nodules
cutaneous-> summer sores

39
Q

second most concerning parasite in adult horseS?

A

tapeworms

40
Q

name one anthelemintic with active ingredient and drug trade name

A

benzimidazole, fenbendazole, panacur

41
Q

macrocylic lactones treat what?

A

bots

42
Q

benzimidazoles are good for what?

A

pinworms

43
Q

pyrimidines are good for what?

A

tapeworms at double strength

44
Q

isoquinoline-pyrazines treat what?

A

tapeworms; these are solid in combo with macrocyclic lactones (aka quest plus)

45
Q

what horses should you not give a combo dewormer to?

A

foals less than 6 mo, or sick underweight horses

46
Q

parasite resistance has been documented for how many classes of anthelimntics?

A

3

47
Q

can resistance be passed on genetically through parasites?

A

yes! cannot be undone

48
Q

what contributes to anthelmintic resistance?

A

over-use or under-dosing

49
Q

fecal egg counts are only quantitative T/F?

A

false. also qualitative

50
Q

most horses are what type of shedders?

A

low (less than 200 eggs per gram)

51
Q

what are the 3 shedder classifications in EPG?

A

low (less than 200)
moderate (200-500)
high (more than 500)

52
Q

what are the limitations of FEC?

A

doesn’t reflect total burden
doesnt detect immature or larval stages
not accurate for tapeworms or pinworms

53
Q

fecal egg count reduction equation?

A

(pre EPG - Post EPG)/pre EPG

54
Q

interpretation of FECR?

A

> 90%= effective
80-90%= repeat in future
<80%= worms are resistant, never use again

55
Q

external parasite mgt?

A

rotating pastures
grazing atl. species
nematophagus
manure mgt

Horse Production (22 decks)

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