Stages of learning

Question 1

Stage 1 is the? (2 things)

Key characteristics include: (5 things)

Answer 1

Cognitive stage

• This is the earliest stage of learning when the performer is trying to understand what needs to be done:

Key characteristics include:

• A lot of trial and error
• Movements are reinforced by the performer experiencing success
• Unsuccessful performance should not be dismissed
• Use of demonstrations needed or other guidance needed
• Relevant cues need to be highlighted to the performer

Question 2

Stage 2 is the? (2 things)

Key characteristics include: (3 things)

Answer 2

Associative stage

• Also known as the motor stage of learning. Here the performer is will practice and compare the movement to the mental image that they developed in the previous stage.

Key characteristics include:

• Feedback occurs and the learner is more aware of subtle and complex cues
• Motor programmes are formed at this stage
• Vast improvement in performance usually occurs

Question 3

Stage 3 is the? (2 things)

Key characteristics include: (3 things)

Answer 3

Autonomous stage

This is the final stage of learning. Movements are becoming more automatic, with very little conscious thought.

Key characteristics of the stage:

• Distractions are largely ignored
• Motor programmes are completely formed
• Reaction time is short.

Question 4

Stage 1 practical example (3)

Answer 4

• Teaching badminton to a beginner, the performer would not have any understanding of how to complete the skill of overhead drive/serve.
• Therefore the coach would need to demonstrate to the performer the skill, and provide key coaching points (known as cues)
• This will allow the performer to build up a mental picture of the movement and what needs to be done.

Question 5

Stage 2 practical example (2)

Answer 5

• The badminton performer is now more aware of what is needed to complete the overhead clear/serve. The skills are more consistent and the shots and serves are landing in the correct areas on the court. i.e. the service box.
• Performers will start to focus on greater degree of accuracy, and different placement in the service box

Question 6

Stage 3 practical example (2)

Answer 6

• Badminton performer is now confident and able to consistently able to perform the overhead clear and serve with accuracy; with a minimum amount of thought.
• More strategies can be used for example, performer learning how to disguise the shot being played.