Confidence and self efficacy Flashcards
Sports confidence (Definition)
Belief or degree of certainty individuals possess about their ability to be successful in sport
Self-efficacy (definition and tennis example)
a term used for self-confidence in a specific situation. For example; a tennis player’s belief in how many first serves will be successful
Low sports confidence (5 things)
vs
High sports confidence (5 things)
Low:
- Shy away from activities avoid situations that may be related to competitions
- Bad for the team
- NAF individual
- More cognitive/ somatic anxiety
- learned helplessness
High:
- Enable them to participate, not feel inhibited, more able to engage
- good leader
- NACH individual
- More likely mastery orientated
- can think too highly of themselves bring team down
Sports confidence and self-esteem
Self-esteem (definition)
Relationship between high self confidence and self esteem and its effect (2)
Relationship between low self confidence and self esteem and its effect (2)
- Self-esteem is the feeling of self-worth that determines how valuable and competent we feel.
- Therefore, high levels of self-confidence = high self-esteem.
- This aids performance because sport demands high level of arousal or drive.
- Whereas low levels of self-confidence = low self-esteem.
- This makes sports performers feel they are not good enough or valuable enough to contribute to team/individual performance.
Sports experiences effects on an individual’s self-esteem
Positive (6) vs negative (4)
POSITIVE:
- reduced anxiety
- more optimistic outlook
- fewer interpersonal problems
- less chance of conforming to social pressure
- better body image
- less likely to engage in risky behaviours
NEGATIVE:
- depression
- eating disorders
- engage in risky behaviour
- not participate in sports/physical activity
Vealey sport model (parts with definition and Andy Murray example) (6)
This model investigates the relationship between achievement motivation (the desire to succeed)/ competitiveness and self-confidence in sport.
Objective Sports Situation
- The type of skill that is to be performed. (This may include the situation in which it may be performed)
- Andy Murray has been drawn against Rafael Nadal in the Wimbledon Final
Trait Sports Confidence
- A person’s generalised belief in their ability in achieve in a wide range of sporting activities
- Andy Murray feels confident in his ability to play tennis
- Andy Murray’s good outcome increases his confidence in his Tennis ability
Competitive Orientation
- The extent to which an individuals prepared to compete
- Andy Murray is physically and mentally ready to beat Rafael Nadal
- Andy Murray’s good outcome increases his competitiveness
State Sports Confidence
- A persons belief in their own ability to achieve at one particular moment. It is specific to that situation
- Andy Murray is confident in his ability to beat Rafael Nadal
Performance of specific skill
- Andy Murray plays against Rafael Nadal
Subjective Outcome
- How the performer feels their performance went
- Andy Murray is happy with his performance
Definitions
State confidence
Trait confidence
Competitive orientation
Objective sporting situations
State confidence
a belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment eg. situational
Trait confidence
a belief in the innate ability to do well in a range of sports eg. general disposition
Competitive orientation
the degree to which a performer is drawn to challenging situations
Objective sporting situations
the performance takes into account the situation in which the task is being undertaken
Vealey’s model explained in a graph
Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy (4 info points)
- States that self-confidence can be specific to a particular situation (aka self-efficacy).
- Specific confidence can vary from situation to situation;
- it can affect performance if the individual is skilful enough.
- Those that expect to be confident in a situation are likely to choose it, those who expect low self-efficacy will avoid it.
Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy
Personal Accomplishments
- strongest influence on self-confidence
- success experienced in the past and attributed to controllable factors results in high self-confidence
Vicarious experience
- what we have observed before
- watch others perform and be successful, most likely to experience high self-efficacy
- performers need to be of a similar standard
Verbal persuasion
- encouraged to try a particular activity, this could result in an increase in confidence in that situation
- effectiveness of this encouragement depends on who is encouraging and in what way, i.e. significant others.
Emotional arousal
- perceptions of how aroused we are can affect our confidence in a particular situation
- if the performer has effective strategies to control physiological and psychological levels, an individual is more likely to have high levels of self-efficacy
Study the four factors that affect self-efficacy of the performer, and place the strategies in the corresponding boxes
Performance Accomplishments (3)
Vicarious Experience (1)
Verbal Persuasion (5)
Emotional Arousal (1)
Personal Accomplishments
- Realistic challenging goals
- Set goals on performance and not outcome
- Point out past successful performances
Vicarious Experience
- Attainable role models
Verbal Persuasion
- Encouragement
- Attribute success to internal factors
- Avoid social comparisons
- Coach one on one
- Use rewards
Emotional Arousal
- Mental practice
