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Psychology > Stage 1- Social Psychology- Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Stage 1- Social Psychology- Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an attitude?

A

A learned predisposition to respond- can be situational/consistent/enduring

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2
Q

How are attitudes influenced by genetics?

A

Inherit genes of our parents e.g. infants temperament - some are genetically more sensitive to the environment, crying and smiling are inherited as general dispositions

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3
Q

How do social factors influence attitudes?

A

We compare ourselves to others, attitudes may be influenced by the people we respect

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4
Q

What is the golden triad?

A

Affect, Cognition and behaviour

How they all connect- not always a predictor e.g. people are aware of sun dangers but still choose to expose themselves

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5
Q

La Piere 1934?

A

Restaurant study- Owners would surveyed about their attitudes regarding chinese immigrants- had a negative attitude yet still served them courteously

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6
Q

What is the behavioural process model\?

A

Fazio
Event—-> Attitude e.g. perception of event/social norms—–> behaviour
Attitudes are sponetaneous

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7
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

Links beliefs to behaviour
Attitude/Subjective norm/Perceived behaviour control—> intention—–> behaviour
Intentions are a function of attitudes towards behaviour, SN, PBC

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8
Q

Early research:changing people’s attitudes?

A

Source- who communicates it
Message- what did they say
Audience- who was listening

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9
Q

Elaboration likelihood model?

A

Two routes when information is processed- spontaneous and analytical - dependent on route as to whether persuasion is successful

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10
Q

What is peripheral route?

A

Message is not important or interesting- heuristic processing - non verbal cues are important and argument strength is unimportant - example coca cola

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11
Q

What is central route?

A

Message is important- systematic processing- non verbal cues unimportant but argument strength is important e.g. smoking ads - induce negative feelings to make people think

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12
Q

When attempting to change people’s attitudes what is the best choice?

A

Soft approach- when you have a skeptical audience use both sides of argument to side more convincing

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13
Q

How does fear help persuade?

A

Dube 2012- Humour and fear= no defensive responses and increased persuasion
Fear alone= not persuasive

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14
Q

Systematic processing?

A

Motivated to find correct answer- involves correct cognitive capactity

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15
Q

Heuristic processing?

A

Unmotivated- lack ability to process complex information

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16
Q

What is impression formation?

A

How we form initial impressions towards individuals and the extent to how likely these are to change

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17
Q

What are impressions heavily weighted by?

A

High competencies

Unusual and immoral actions

18
Q

Asch paradigm involving impressions?

A

Looked at influence of adjectives on impressions
Intelligent/Warm= positive
Intelligent/ Cold = negative

19
Q

How can we form an attitude?

A 
Social learning- from others
Classical conditioning- learning based on association
Operant- learn to hold the right views
Subliminal- without awareness
Observational- watching
20
Q

Configural model?

A

Cold and warm traits have strong effects on impressions as these are classified as central traits
Other traits e.g. polite / blunt did not have the same influence

21
Q

Anderson?

A

Looked at Asch configural model and provided algebraic model of how positive or negative a word or word combinations were

22
Q

Problems with Asch/ Anderson?

A

Neither take into account motives/goals/needs of perceiver
Social cognition as either data/theory driven is limited
Studies are artificial
Both are likely to influence rather than one individual theory

23
Q

What are schemas used for?

A

They are implications for how we perceive and understand new information

24
Q

Hamilton?

A

Subjects asked to memorise a group of traits or form an impression based on traits- later given surprise recall test
Impression formation subjects remembered significantly more

25
Q

Darley and Gross?

A

Two stages in expectancy-confirmation process
if we are unsure about a judgement based on a category we proceed with caution
if we have more info- e.g. we have observed something, we adapt the evidence to fit our initial category based assessment

26
Q

What is the mere exposure effect?

A

The more you see or hear something the more you tend to like it

27
Q

Examples of mere exposure effect?

A

Seeing adverts

English tend to like letter E- more common letter

28
Q

Mita et al?

A

We prefer our mirror image over our actual image while friends prefer actual image

29
Q

Cross et al>

A

Rats listened to Mozart for 12 hours a day- rats placed on quiet side of box would move to music side

30
Q

Dutton and Aron?

A

Fear arousal can lead to romantic arousal
Female experimenter approached males as they walked down a bridge- when shown a photo of woman they were asked to produce a dramatic scene- stories were scored for sexual content
Those males on a more dangerous bridge wrote steamier stories and were more likely to call experimenter after experiment when given her number

31
Q

What is the imitation effect?

A

Infants as young as 18 months old will like you more if you imitate them

32
Q

Chartrand and Bargh

A

Those who exhibited mimicking of foot and hand tapping behaviour were perceived as more likeable and trustworthy- participants didn’t even have to be aware of mimicking

33
Q

Holland?

A

Waitresses who mimick customers are more likely to receive higher tips

34
Q

How is similarity a strong influencer in relationships?

A

Couples who are more similar are more likely to have longer relationships
Strongest type of similarity was for physical health and attractiveness

35
Q

Zajonc?

A

Blind judges able to match couples in long term relationships based on individual photos

36
Q

What are the three types of love?

A 
Companion= friend
Compassion= parental
romantic= lovers/passionate
37
Q

Don’ts for relationships?

A

Do not be critical
DO NOT SHOW CONTEMPT
DO NOT BE SUSPICIOUS

38
Q

Do’s for relationships?

A

SHARE SUCCESS
FUN
LOOK ON BRIGHT SIDE

39
Q

Romantic love?

A

Causes changes in brain chemistry- increases dopamine

Is fleeting- turns deeper and more intimate

40
Q

What factors influence longer relations?

A

Taking into account partners perspective
FUN
Investment
Attachment types

Psychology (11 decks)

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