Stage 1- Social psychology- Intergroup processes

Question 1

What is group formation?

Answer 1

Two or more people who interact for more than a few moments- and therefore feel like a group- influence each other when it comes to individual goals/needs

Question 2

5 processes of group formation?

Answer 2

Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing 
Adjourning

Question 3

Forming?

Answer 3

Get to know each other- high uncertainty

Question 4

Storming?

Answer 4

Resist influence- disagreement/ high conflict

Question 5

Norming?

Answer 5

Share a common purpose

Question 6

Performing?

Answer 6

Work together towards goals

Question 7

Adjourning?

Answer 7

Leave group- feelings of accomplishment/ failure

Question 8

Factors affecting group formation?

Answer 8

Individual differences- traits/social motives/ gender
Situations- emergency/ uncertainty/ group
Relationships- history/ coalitions
Ambiguous vs non ambiguous

Question 9

What are group roles?

Answer 9

Types of behaviours expected of an individual who occupy particular positions within the group can be described as group roles

Question 10

What are two types of roles?

Answer 10

Task role= roles related to the work of the group
Relationship roles= roles related to the relations among members of the group
Can sometimes be compatible, task role but has relationships with the group also

Question 11

Factors affecting the role you play?

Answer 11

Group socialization theory- Moreland and Levine 2011
Membership type
Phases of group activity
Processes being undertaken by group 
Transition points

Question 12

Festinger?

Answer 12

Cohesiveness of a group
Group will be more cohesive if an individuals goals match group goals
Social interactions take place to achieve goals

Question 13

What is leadership?

Answer 13

Involves guidance of others in their pursuits often by organising, directing and co-ordinating, supporting and motivating the effects of group members

Question 14

Normans markers for Big five- leadership?

Answer 14

Surgency 
Agreeableness 
Conscientious 
Emotional stability
Culture

Question 15

Evaluating Norman big five?

Answer 15

Difficult to identify consistent traits
Stogdill 1948- there are repeated traits when different historic leaders are described
No trait absolutely separates a leader from followers

Question 16

Fielder contingency model?

Answer 16

Place importance of personality and situation- effectiveness depends on characteristics/ favourableness of situation

Question 17

Fielder two types of leaders?

Answer 17

Relationship orientated- success based on relations- effective in moderate control
Task- prime focus is completing task- effective in high and low control

Question 18

Authoritarian leader?

Answer 18

Approved in periods of crisis- fails to win ‘hearts and mind’

Question 19

Democratic leader?

Answer 19

Adequate in situations that require consensus building

Question 20

Laissez faire?

Answer 20

Appreciated because of degree of freedom- leader doesn’t take charge

Question 21

Group think?

Answer 21

Seek congruency/ concurrence- lose ability to impartially evaluate alternative points of view- think in fixed mindset

Question 22

What does group think result in?

Answer 22

Impaired decision making by the group
Members become too focused on reaching a consensus
Neglect good decision making processes

Question 23

Mind guard?

Answer 23

People who try to protect the group from info that could disrupt group think

Question 24

Collective behaviour?

Answer 24

Relatively large group of individuals who display similarity in actions / outlooks

Question 25

Collective characteristics?

Answer 25

Large rather than small group
Together rather than dispersed in proximity
Form and disband rapidly
Relations among members is weak

Question 26

Contagion?

Answer 26

Irrational/ violent feelings can spread through members of a crowd

Question 27

Zimbardo de-individuation theory?

Answer 27

Individual becomes less evident as group goals become more evident- larger groups= more anonymity

Question 28

Causes of deindividuation theory?

Answer 28

Diffusion of responsibility
Large group membership
Heightened physiological arousal
Anonymity

Question 29

Deiner?

Answer 29

Trick or treating- more likely to only take one sweet when asked name and address

Question 30

Festinger?

Answer 30

More likely to use harsh language when dressed in grey lab coats and dim light when concerning an erotic novel

Question 31

Mann?

Answer 31

When crowds were present at man threatened to jump off a bridge- small crowd no encouragement, large crown encouragement

Question 32

By stander effect?

Answer 32

When a crowd is inactive

Question 33

Example of bystander effect?

Answer 33

Murder of Kitty Genevese - neighbours provided no help, no one intervened, no one called the police- instead looked to see what others were doing

Question 34

Latane and Darnley 4 steps? intervention

Answer 34

Event must come to attention
Must assume some responsibility
Possible course of action must be considered
Must implement choice of action

Question 35

Fisher- factors that make people scared to intervene?

Answer 35

Perpetrator still present
Dangerous situation
Cost of intervention was physical

Question 36

In non dangerous situations intervention can be predicted by?

Answer 36

Similarity to victim
Feeling capable of provided the needed help
Other bystander activity