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Psychology > Stage 1- Lecture 1- Developmental Psy > Flashcards

Stage 1- Lecture 1- Developmental Psy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is developmental psychology concerned with?

A

Changes throughout the lifespan for example human development as a continuous process of change

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2
Q

What are the 3 stages of human prenatal development?

A

Zygote=1
Embryo=2
Foetal=3

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3
Q

When does stage 1 occur?

A

0-2 weeks

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4
Q

Key feature of stage 1?

A

A cell is formed at conception, then divides, and then becomes specialised

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5
Q

When does Stage 2 occur?

A

2-8 weeks

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6
Q

What specific type of development occurs in Stage 2?

A

Sexual development

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7
Q

What is formed in Stage 2?

A

Organs

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8
Q

At how many weeks in Stage 2 does a heart start to beat?

A

2 weeks and 4 days

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9
Q

What happens by the end of stage 2?

A

Arms and legs are formed

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10
Q

When does stage 3 occur?

A

2-9 months

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11
Q

What occurs at week 9?

A 
Swallowing
Thumb sucking
Sensitive to light
Grasping
Movement of head
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12
Q

When is the foetus sensitive to touch?

A

13/14 weeks

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13
Q

Name a gender difference that is apparent in the foetus stage?

A

Females tend to move their jaws more often

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14
Q

When is the foetus responsive to sound?

A

20 weeks

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15
Q

What occurs at 25 weeks?

A

Sensitive to taste- Links to bitter tastes- Poision

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16
Q

What reflex occurs in the foetus stage?

A

Rooting reflex- babies automatically turn face towards stimulus- aids sucking

17
Q

Name 2 ways to measure prenatal development?

A

Ultrasound- low cost, good availability, safe

Foetal heart rate- detects change to external stimulus shows a change in heart rate

18
Q

What did De Casper study?

A

Reactions to recurrent maternal speech

19
Q

Info on De Casper study? 1994

A

• Mothers were to recite a short poem they had learnt in the 30-37 week stage of their pregnancy, foetuses were stimulated to tape recordings of a target and control rhyme- decreased FHR for target, no such response for control- highlighted familiarisation- a degree of learning

20
Q

What can be assumed from De Casper study?

A

Foetal learning = form of measurement

Exposure learning= methodology

21
Q

What is a teratogen?

A

Substance which when ingested by a mother can adversely affect her unborn child

22
Q

Examples of teratogens?

A
  • Smoking- e.g. nicotine
  • Foods- Gambia diet for example where seasonal changes can affect diet and death rates
  • Drugs – for example the controversy over the thalidomide drug- linked to morning sickness
  • Alcohol
  • Disease e.g. measles
23
Q

What is a critical period?

A

The time when a organ/body part= most susceptible to teratogenic damage, in the embryonic stage is where serious defects become most common

24
Q

What did Ness et al focus their study on?

A

The use of tobacco and cocaine use during pregnancy

25
Q

Sample of Ness study?

A

400 women who miscarried
570 who hadn’t
All part of large inner city sample

26
Q

2 parts to Ness study?

A

Self report

Urine and hair samples

27
Q

Results of study?

A

RESULTS= when considering the self-report side of study drugs seemed to have no influence on why people miscarried, when using urine and hair samples both drugs were significantly related to why people miscarried

28
Q

Conclude impact of drugs- Ness study?

A

• Cocaine = Increased probability of miscarriage 1.4 times
• Smoking= Increased probability of miscarriage 1.8 times
O

29
Q

Ness methodology evaluation?

A

Self report is both unreliable and inaccurate

30
Q

What did the Dutch Famine study look at?

A

Exposure to famine during prenatal development and its link to later health

31
Q

Sample size for Dutch study?

A

2414 babies born 1943-47

32
Q

Results of Dutch study?

A

Results = Health problems, as found in 1996- SZ, obesity, x2 more likely to have heart disease, cancer
All these links to negative health in later life were also passed on to the next generation

33
Q

Reissland 2015 study aim?

A

Effects of Smoking on a foetus

34
Q

Reissland methodology?

A

Used 4D scans to examine 20 foetus’ in a series of 80 scans

4 intervals to study between 24/36 weeks

35
Q

Reissland sample?

A

4 mothers who smoked, 16 who did not

36
Q

Reissland results?

A

All infants born healthy, however infants from smoking mothers displayed higher rate of mouth movements compared to control group which suggests that foetal central nervous system did not develop at the same rate, therefore behaviour less mature.

37
Q

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

A disorder of permanent birth defects that occurs in the offspring of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy

38
Q

What is the main impact of FAS?

A

CNS damage

Psychology (11 decks)

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