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Psychology > Stage 1- Lecture 6- Development across the lifespan > Flashcards

Stage 1- Lecture 6- Development across the lifespan Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a positive body image correlate with?

A

High self esteem

Positive peer relations

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2
Q

Typical body image dissatisfaction for boys/girls?

A

Boys- tend to want to lose weight and get more muscular

Girls- desire to be thin

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3
Q

Body image dissatisfaction is associated with?

A

Teenage depression
Eating disorders
Exercise dependence

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4
Q

Examples of eating disorders?

A

Anorexia- obsession with weight gain/ refuse to maintain a normal weight
Bulimia- Binge eating followed by behaviour to avoid weight gain

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5
Q

Trends with eating disorders?

A

Peak around 14-18 years

More common in girls

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6
Q

Jones 2004

A

Looked at 165 girls, 139 boys with an average age of 15
Findings= Girls make comparisons of their own bodies to other desired by talking to friends- increasing body dissatisfaction
Boys less likely to be dissatisfied than girls

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7
Q

Egocentrism?

A

Develops in early formal operations
Self consciousness
Difficulty separating their own self perception from the views of others

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8
Q

Role of maturity?

A

Early maturing boys feel more confident than those maturing late- COK 1990
Early maturing girls = high level of depression- Alsaker 1992
= greater eating concerns Brooke Gunns 1988

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9
Q

Emotion definition?

A

A feeling, or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him/her especially to their well being

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10
Q

When are emotional highs/lows more frequent?

A

Early adolescence- links to mood swings/ new environments/ expectations

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11
Q

Pubertal changes?

A

Increase in negative emotions linking to stressful experiences

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12
Q

Examples of emotional competence in adolescence?

A

Anger- can cause harm to friendships- self help strategies help cope with this e.g. walking away from an angering situation
Recognising that inner emotions do not always match outer expressions

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13
Q

Distinguishing emotions?

A

Recognise how someone is feeling e.g. sad not afraid

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14
Q

What is social development in adolescence?

A

Changing social cues/ rivalry for new partners/ reckless behaviour

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15
Q

Relations with parents in adolescence?

A

Tends to decrease- boys alone, girls with friends
Spend more time with mother but more conflict
Issues of control

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16
Q

Relations with peers during adolscence?

A 
Tends to increase
More friends- one/two best friends- based on acceptance
Typically same age/gender/ race
Contribute to a positive self concept 
Intimacy more important to girls
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17
Q

Peer relations for early maturing girls?

A

Date more

Have older friends

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18
Q

Role of delinquency?

A

Poor school performance
Substance abuse
Low IQ
Aggression

19
Q

Trend for mental health?

A

Common in adolescences and increases into adulthood

20
Q

Kessler 2001?

A

Mental health rates rise from 1% before age 12 to 20% by end of adolescence- biggest increase between 15/18
x2 more likely in girls

21
Q

Erikson lifespan development theory stages?

A

Industry vs inferiority - 6yrs to Puberty- Interests, praise vs criticism
Initiative vs guilt- 3/5- Preschool try new things- encouragement vs held back
Autonomy vs shame 1-3- are we allowed to discover self/body
Trust vs mistrust- first year- if babies trust caregiver learnt that in future they can trusts others
Integrity vs despair- 60+- life review can be positive or negative
Generativity vs Stagnation- 40/50s- how do we contribute to society- legacy for next generation
Intimacy vs isolation- 20/30s- can we love and commit influences happiness
Identity vs confusion- 10/20 yrs- exploring different social roles/ degree of parent control

22
Q

Life span perspective?

A

Splits development into 2 - Early and later
Early = childhood/adolescence- physical peak’post formal thought (open to emotion/reflective)
Later= Young adult/middle/old age

23
Q

Middle adulthood changes?

A

Estrogen/Androgen decrease
Reasoning declines
Accumulated info increase
Verbal skills increase

24
Q

Later adulthood changes?

A

Dementia
Alzheimers
Hormonal stress theory- less resilient to stress/ increase in disease
Wisdom- build up of experience

25
Q

What is the socioemotional theory?

A

Goals are relative to emotions

Spend more time with familiar people and have a high value on emotional satisfaction

26
Q

Narrowing social interaction?

A

Maximises positive experiences

Minimises emotional risks

27
Q

Infancy age=

A

0-2

28
Q

Childhood age=

A

2-12

29
Q

Adolescence=

A

12-20

30
Q

Early adulthood=

A

20-40

31
Q

Older age=

A

65+

32
Q

Reflexive dev=

A

0-6 months

33
Q

Rudimentary dev=

A

0-2 years

34
Q

Fundamental dev=

A

2-6 years

35
Q

Specialised dev=

A

6-12 years

36
Q

Growth and refinement=

A

12-18 years

37
Q

Peak performance=

A

18-30 years

38
Q

Regression=

A

30 years

39
Q

Physical development in adolescence?

A

Capable of reproduction
Increase in muscle size
Body hair
Maximal height

40
Q

Changes in body proportion? adolescence-

A

Cephalocaudal= head/legs=25% of body at birth
end of adolescence= head, 12% legs 50%
Proximodistal= there is a central outward growth, internal organs followed by outer limbs, trend reverse in puberty= hands/ feet then limbs then trunk

41
Q

Sexual maturation for girls=

A

Breast development
Pubic hair
Widening hips

42
Q

Sexual maturation for boys=

A 
Testes
Pubic hair 
Penis enlargement 
Lower voice 
Facial hair
43
Q

Psychoimpacts in pubety?

A

Girls wish to be attractive, worry about weight/ breast size
Boys have a typically better body image, worry about height / genital / muscle size
Boys more positive about first ejaculation than girls are about first period

Psychology (11 decks)

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