SSTIs

Question 1

what are the cardinal signs of SSTIs?

Answer 1

host inflammatory response
fever
rapid lesion progression

Question 2

how are skin infections classified?

Answer 2

based on their depth

Question 3

what are the wound classifications (6)?

Answer 3

1. superficial
2. partial
3. full
4. deep
5. complicated
6. penetrating

Question 4

what are the symptoms of epidemic impetigo?

Answer 4

eruptions of flaccid pustules

rupture = thick honey coloured crust

lesions around mouth and nose

Question 5

how is epidemic impetigo transmitted?

Answer 5

skin to skin contact

Question 6

how is epidemic impetigo treated?

Answer 6

antibiotic therapy (penicillin)

no culture (unless non-healing)

Question 7

what types of bacteria cause epidemic impetigo (2)?

Answer 7

group A strep pyogenes

S. aureus

Question 8

what is erysipelas?

Answer 8

acute skin infection
rapid spread
deep skin layers (superficial, dermal, lymphatics)
causes swelling

Question 9

erysipelas may be a source of ______________________ which means it has potential to cause ________________

Answer 9

bacteremia

systemic infection

Question 10

what causes erysipelas?

Answer 10

group A strep pyogenes

Question 11

what are the cardinal sigs of erysipelas?

Answer 11

discreet borders
red
raised

Question 12

what is cellulitis?

Answer 12

acute skin infection
affects SC layers
caused by local infection or trauma

Question 13

what organisms cause cellulitis?

Answer 13

S. aureus

Group A strep pyogenes

pseudomonas aeruginosa

gram negative bacilli

Question 14

pseudomonas aeruginosa is often associated with _____________

Answer 14

hot tubs

Question 15

what are furuncles?

Answer 15

infected sebaceous glands

Question 16

what causes furuncles?

Answer 16

ALWAYS S. aureus

Question 17

how are furuncles treated?

Answer 17

cloxacillin

Question 18

where are furuncles most common?

Answer 18

face (high concentration of sebaceous glands)

Question 19

what are carbuncles?

Answer 19

cluster of connected furuncles

Question 20

what are decubitus sores?

Answer 20

pressure sores

Question 21

what are decubitus ulcers colonized with?

Answer 21

potential pathogens and non-pathogens

Question 22

how are decubitus ulcers treated?

Answer 22

clean tissue

wound care

Question 23

how should a specimen be taken from a wound?

Answer 23

1. clean first
2. swab as deep as you can

Question 24

what is fasciitis?

Answer 24

rapidly progressing cellulitis

necrosis of SC tissue

Question 25

what causes fasciitis?

Answer 25

Group A strep pyogenes

Question 26

how is fasciitis diagnosed?

Answer 26

usually clinical + gram stain culture

Question 27

what is ringworm?

Answer 27

causes infections in hair, skin and nails

Question 28

what causes ringworm?

Answer 28

dermatophytes (fungi)

Question 29

how is ringworm (dermatophytes) diagnosed?

Answer 29

usually clinical + skin/nail scraping sent to lab calcoflour stain fungal culture

Question 30

how do dermatophytes spread?

Answer 30

contact and sweat - gyms - wrestlers - gymnasts - boxers

Question 31

how do dermatophytes cause infection?

Answer 31

produce keratinase break down keratin

Question 32

what are scabies?

Answer 32

microscopic mites

Question 33

how do scabies cause infection?

Answer 33

females burrow into skin and lay eggs eggs are highly immunogenic and cause inflammatory reaction

Question 34

how is scabies diagnosed?

Answer 34

clinically

Question 35

how is scabies transmitted?

Answer 35

contact with clothing and linen

Question 36

what does HSV-1 cause?

Answer 36

cold sores

Question 37

what does HSV-2 cause?

Answer 37

genital sores

Question 38

how is HSV transmitted?

Answer 38

direct contact

Question 39

how is HSV treated?

Answer 39

antivirals can shorten healing time if taken early