Hepatitis

Question 1

what is viremia?

Answer 1

virus in the blood

Question 2

how is viremia diagnosed (2)?

Answer 2

1. IgG and IgM
2. PCR

Question 3

when is IgM seen?

Answer 3

early in infectious cycle

6 weeks - 3 months

Question 4

when is IgG seen?

Answer 4

after IgM

lasts several years

Question 5

hepatitis viruses have a predisposition for ___________

Answer 5

hepatocytes

Question 6

how is Hep A transmitted?

Answer 6

fecal-oral

Question 7

why are ice cubes dangerous for Hep A?

Answer 7

freezing does not inactivate Hep A

ice = very stable environment

Question 8

how can you get rid of Hep A in food?

Answer 8

boil for > 1 min to inactivate

Question 9

what geographical locations have a high prevalence of Hep A?

Answer 9

Africa
Asia
Northern Canada

Question 10

what kinds of areas have a high distribution of Hep A?

Answer 10

areas that lack clean water and god health care

Question 11

what are some symptoms of Hep A?

Answer 11

jaundice
fatigue
abdominal pain
loss of appetite
nausea
diarrhea
fever

Question 12

who gets jaundice with Hep A?

Answer 12

more common in adults
less common in children

Question 13

when is active hep A spread?

Answer 13

shed 2 weeks pre and post jaundice

Question 14

what is the incubation period for Hep A?

Answer 14

2-7 weeks after exposure

long incubation = high spread

Question 15

when does recovery of Hep A occur?

Answer 15

within 2 months

Question 16

what is the length of immunity after being infected with Hep A?

Answer 16

lifelong immunity

Question 17

how does Hep A enter the blood?

Answer 17

from intestine and/or oropharynx

Question 18

what cell type does Hep A target? what is the result of this?

Answer 18

targets Kupffer cells in liver

virus replicates without causing lysis

virus released in bile and stool

Question 19

what are the 3 routes of Hep A transmission?

Answer 19

1. food/water
2. close personal contact
3. blood exposure

Question 20

how do you diagnose acute Hep A?

Answer 20

detection of HAV-IgM in serum

Question 21

how do you diagnose past infection (immunity) of Hep A?

Answer 21

detection of HAV-IgG by EIA

Question 22

how is Hep A prevented?

Answer 22

1. vaccination
2. pre exposure prophylaxis
3. post exposure prophylaxis

Question 23

are there antivirals for Hep A?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

how long does Hep A seroconversion take?

Answer 24

4 weeks

Question 25

what age group does better when diagnosed with Hep C?

Answer 25

those who acquire infection at a younger age

Question 26

what are the symptoms of Hep C?

Answer 26

mostly asymptomatic fatigue loss of appetite nausea weight loss abdominal pain jaundice

Question 27

how is Hep C transmitted?

Answer 27

blood and body fluids IV drug use sexual occupational (ie. needle stick injuries)

Question 28

how is Hep C diagnosed?

Answer 28

anti-HCV serologic screening detected within 8 weeks of infection onset

Question 29

how is Hep C diagnosed for CLINICAL MANAGEMENT?

Answer 29

quantitative nucleic acid amplification assays for HCV RNA

Question 30

is there a vaccine for Hep C?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

how is Hep C prevented?

Answer 31

1. screen blood, tissue and organs 2. modify high risk behaviours 3. blood and bodily fluid precautions

Question 32

where is Hep B most prevalent?

Answer 32

Asia Africa America

Question 33

prevalence of Hep B increases as people become _________

Answer 33

sexually active

Question 34

how does age affect risk of developing chronic illness with Hep B?

Answer 34

earlier the disease is acquired, the greater chance of developing chronic infection

Question 35

if you BEAT Hep B you have ___________

Answer 35

lifelong immunity

Question 36

what are the (3) modes of transmission for Hep B?

Answer 36

1. sexual 2. parenteral 3. perinatal

Question 37

what fluids have high concentrations of Hep B?

Answer 37

blood wound exudates

Question 38

what fluids have MODERATE concentrations of Hep B?

Answer 38

semen vaginal fluid saliva

Question 39

fluids have LOW concentrations of Hep B?

Answer 39

urine feces sweat

Question 40

what are the top 3 infection risks from needle stick injuries?

Answer 40

1. Hep B 2. Hep C 3. HIV

Question 41

how is Hep B diagnosed?

Answer 41

antigens (from virus) and antibodies (from host response) core protein surface proteins e-antigen

Question 42

HBsAg

Answer 42

HBV surface antigen indicates INFECTION

Question 43

HBsAB

Answer 43

antibodies against HBsAg indicates IMMUNITY

Question 44

HBcAB-IgM

Answer 44

early core antibody appears after HBsAg indicates ACUTE INFECTION

Question 45

HBcAB-IgG

Answer 45

past core antibody indicates CHRONIC INFECTION (or past resolved)

Question 46

HBeAg

Answer 46

envelope antigen indicates ACTIVE REPLICATION (easily spread)

Question 47

HBeAB

Answer 47

antibodies against HBeAg indicates NOT ACTIVELY REPLICATING (low transmissibility)

Question 48

how is Hep B prevented?

Answer 48

1. recombinant vaccine 2. immunglobulin 3. antivirals

Question 49

what does the Hep B vaccine consist of?

Answer 49

HBsAg