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MICR 121 > Enteric Bacteria > Flashcards

Enteric Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 bacterial enteric pathogens?

A

salmonella

shigella

E.coli

campylobacter

yersinia

C. perfringens

listeria

c. diff

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2
Q

where is salmonella found?

A

beef

chicken

reptiles

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3
Q

shigella is considered ___________ cousin

A

E.coli’s cousin

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4
Q

shigella causes _________ diarrhea because it ____________

A

bloody diarrhea

invades gastric mucosa

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5
Q

where is E. coli found?

A

in our gut

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6
Q

does E. coli on food make us sick?

A

no, it has to be toxic

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7
Q

what type of yersinia is found in undercooked seafood?

A

enterolitica

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8
Q

to cause gastroenteritis, C. diff must be preceded by ________

A

antibiotics

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9
Q

what are the 3 ways to avoid gastroenteritis?

A
  1. cook
  2. boil
  3. peel

or forget it

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10
Q

bacteria that invade the gastric mucosa cause __________

A

bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

what is acute gastroenteritis?

A

diarrheal disease

rapid onset

+/- nausea, vomiting, fever

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12
Q

acute vs chronic diarrhea

A

acute: < 14 days

chronic: > 14 days

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13
Q

what is dysentery?

A

blood or mucous in stool

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14
Q

what causes gastroenteritis?

A

inflammation of GI tract

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15
Q

bloody vs watery stool

A

bloody: mucosal invasion

watery: no mucosal invasion

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16
Q

what season is bacterial gastro associated with?

A

BBQ season

opposite to viral gastro

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17
Q

what pathogens cause watery diarrhea?

A

rotavirus

E. coli

Vibrio cholera

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18
Q

what pathogens cause bloody diarrhea?

A

shigella spp

entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

what sites of the GI are involved in viral vs bacterial gastro?

A

viral: SI

bacterial: colon

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20
Q

viral diarrhea is mostly _______

A

watery

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21
Q

bacterial diarrhea is mostly __________

A

bloody

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22
Q

what does C. perfringens cause? why?

A

bulging cans

Gram positive anaerobe

produces CO2 which causes bloating

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23
Q

why should you throw out bulging cans?

A

toxins are heat stable

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24
Q

what are some toxin mediated bacteria?

A

S. aureus

clostridium

botulinum

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25
Q

what does toxin mediated bacteria mean?

A

its the production of toxins that cause disease

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26
Q

how are bacterial enteric pathogens transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

ingestion of contaminated food and water

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27
Q

what kind of bacteria is salmonella?

A

gram negative bacili

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28
Q

what are the sources of salmonella infections?

A

beef
poultry
unpasteurized milk & eggs
vegetables

inadequate thawing

travel

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29
Q

what animal in particular carry salmonella in their gut?

A

reptiles

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30
Q

who is at increased risk for salmonella infections?

A

IBD
immunocompromised

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31
Q

what is the infectious dose for salmonella?

A

> 1000

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32
Q

_________ are also a possible vector of salmonella transmission

A

flies

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33
Q

acute presentation with short incubation periods are associated with ___________

A

toxins

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34
Q

longer incubation is associated with ______________

A

bacterial invasion

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35
Q

what increases risk of stomach infections? why?

A

antacids
neutralize protective stomach acids

36
Q

what is extra-intestinal salmonella?

A

typhoid fever

37
Q

what types of salmonella cause typhoid fever?

A

salmonella typhi

salmonella paratyphi

38
Q

salmonella can enter the bloodstream, is this a contaminant or significant?

A

significant

gram negative bacilli!

39
Q

how are salmonella infections treated? why?

A

not treated
self-limiting

40
Q

who IS treated for salmonella?

A

< 2 years
> 65 years
immunocompromised
pregnant

41
Q

what type of salmonella should ALWAYS be treated?

A

extra-intestinal

42
Q

what is an example of extra-intestinal salmonella?

A

salmonella arthritis

43
Q

who should get the salmonella vaccine?

A

vets

farmers

44
Q

what type of bacteria is shigella?

A

gram negative bacilli

45
Q

_____________ are the only hosts that carry shigella

46
Q

shigella organisms are identical to _____________

47
Q

what are the 3 differences between shigella and E. coli?

A
  1. shigella is not motile
  2. shigella invades mucosa
  3. small infectious dose
48
Q

how is shigella transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

49
Q

how does shigella cause disease?

A

produce shiga-toxins that prevent protein synthesis and cause cell death

50
Q

how is shigella infection treated?

A

no treatment
mostly self-limiting

only severe cases are treated with antibiotic

51
Q

when should shigella be treated with antibiotics?

A

immunocompromised
elderly
children
to prevent spread

52
Q

what type of E. coli causes diarrhea?

A

toxigenic
(toxin producing)

53
Q

NOT ALL E.coli _____________

A

cause infection

54
Q

what type of bacteria is E. coli?

A

gram negative bacilli

55
Q

what are some causes of E. coli diarrhea?

A

consumption of undercooked beef

consumption of unpasteurized milk and cheese

consumption of raw vegetables

farms

trave

56
Q

what is STEC?

A

shiga toxin producing E. coli

E. coli O157:H7

57
Q

what is hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

58
Q

what causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?

59
Q

why is HUS linked antibiotic therapy?

A

antibiotics cause lysis of bacteria which release toxins

toxigenic E. coli also produces toxins

risk of kidney failure

60
Q

E. coli O157 is a major risk with what kind of steak?

A

steak tartar

61
Q

what kind of bacteria is campylobacter?

A

gram negative curved bacilli

62
Q

what is the #1 risk with uncooked chicken?

A

campylobacter

63
Q

where is campylobacter found naturally?

A

chicken gut

64
Q

what are the causes of campylobacter infection?

A

improper cooking of chicken and unpasteurized eggs

65
Q

what bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?

A

salmonella
campylobacter
nigella
C. perfringens**
C. diff
yersinia

66
Q

how are campylobacter infections treated?

A

no treatment
self limiting

antibiotics for serious cases

67
Q

what kind of bacteria is yersinia?

A

gram negative

68
Q

most cases of Yersinia are in what age group?

69
Q

how is yersinia transmitted?

A

fecal-oral

70
Q

what is a major source of yersinia?

71
Q

where is yersinia found?

A

pork
tofu
unpasteurized animal products

72
Q

how is yersinia treated?

A

mostly self limiting

73
Q

how are enteric pathogens detected?

A

cary Blair stool transport

  1. PCR
  2. growth for ID and sensitivities
74
Q

why is cary Blair media used to detect enteric pathogens?

A

bacteria are continuously dividing

cary Blair = stasis media
prevents growth
easier to determine normal vs pathogenic

75
Q

what are the 2 forms of Giardia?

A
  1. cyst
  2. troph
76
Q

what form of Giardia is responsible for transmission?

77
Q

what form of Giardia causes disease?

78
Q

how does Giardia affect the intestine?

A

blunts and flattens villi causing malabsorption

79
Q

how is Giardia detected?

A

antigen detection

PCR

ova (eggs) detection

80
Q

how is giardia treated?

A

self limiting

antiparasites for severe cases

81
Q

what are the 2 clinical syndromes caused by entamoeba hystolitica?

A
  1. non-invasive intestinal amebiasis
  2. liver abscess
82
Q

entamoeba histolytic has a __________ symptom onset
Why?

A

gradual

slow replication

83
Q

what enteric parasites cause bloody diarrhea?

A

entamoeba histolytica

84
Q

chronic entamoeba histolytica can mimic ______________

85
Q

how is entamoeba histolytica transmitted?

A

fecal oral

86
Q

what are the 2 forms of entamoeba histolytica?

A
  1. cyst: transmission
  2. troph: causes disease
87
Q

how is entamoeba histolytica detected?

A

antigen detection

PCR

ova/parasites

MICR 121 (16 decks)

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