Antibiotics

Question 1

Bactericidal

Answer 1

kills bacteria
no host response needed

Question 2

Bacteriostatic

Answer 2

inhibit bacterial growth
rely on host defences to clear bacteria

Question 3

Narrow spectrum

Answer 3

active against a small group of bacteria

Question 4

Broad spectrum

Answer 4

active against a wide variety of bacteria

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

organism doesn’t respond to antimicrobial

Question 6

Resistance is associated with _________ in vivo

Answer 6

failure

Question 7

Sensitive

Answer 7

organism responds to antimicrobial

Question 8

Sensitivity is associated with ____________ in vivo

Answer 8

activity

Question 9

what are the 4 antimicrobial targets?

Answer 9

1. cell wall synthesis
2. nucleic acid synthesis
3. protein synthesis
4. folic acid synthesis

Question 10

what 2 types of antibiotics target the cell wall?

Answer 10

1. beta lactams
2. glycopeptides

Question 11

what is the central component of beta lactam antibiotics?

Answer 11

beta lactam ring

Question 12

are beta lactams bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 12

bactericidal

Question 13

what are the 3 classes of beta-lactams (from narrow to broad)?

Answer 13

1. penicillin
2. cephalosporins
3. carbapenems

Question 14

how do beta lactams inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 14

bind and inhibit transpeptidase
prevents peptidoglycan crosslinkage

Question 15

what are some examples of penicillins?

Answer 15

penicillin G
penicillin V
cloxacillin
amoxicillin

Question 16

what is an example of a 1st generation cephalosporin?

Answer 16

ampicillin

Question 17

what is an example of a 2nd generation cephalosporin?

Answer 17

cefazolin

Question 18

what are 3 examples of 3rd generation cephalosporins?

Answer 18

ceftazidime
ceftriaxone
cefixime

Question 19

what are 2 examples of carbapenems?

Answer 19

ertapenem
meropenem

Question 20

carbapenems should be reserved for ______________

Answer 20

multi drug resistant superbugs
last resort

Question 21

do beta-lactams antibiotics act on gram negatives or gram positives?

Answer 21

both

Question 22

are glycopeptides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 22

bactericidal

Question 23

do glycopeptides act on gram positives or gram negatives?

Answer 23

gram positives

Question 24

how do glycopeptides inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 24

stop extension of peptidoglycan

Question 25

what are 2 examples of glycopeptide antibiotics?

Answer 25

vancomycin
teicoplanin

Question 26

how do antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 26

bind ribosomes

Question 27

what are the 3 types of protein synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 27

macrolides
tetracyclines
chloramphenicol

Question 28

what is the MOA of macrolides?

Answer 28

prevent continuation of protein synthesis

Question 29

what is the MOA of tetracylines?

Answer 29

block tRNA

Question 30

what is the MOAA of chloramphenicol?

Answer 30

prevent peptide bond formation

Question 31

what are the nucleic acid inhibitors?

Answer 31

fluoroquinolones

Question 32

are fluoroquinolone bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 32

bactericidal

Question 33

do fluroquinolones target gram positives or gram negatives?

Answer 33

gram positives

Question 34

how do fluoroquinolones inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 34

bind topoisomerase and DNA gyrase

Question 35

what is an example of an fluoroquinolone?

Answer 35

ciprofloxacin

Question 36

what is ciprofloxacin commonly used to treat?

Answer 36

UTIs

Question 37

are folic acid inhibitors bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 37

bacteriostatic

Question 38

what are 2 examples of folic acid inhibitors?

Answer 38

1. trimethoprim
2. sulfamethoxazole

Question 39

what is trimethoprim?

Answer 39

analogue of DHF
inhabits dihydrofolate reductase

Question 40

what is sulfamethoxazole?

Answer 40

analogue of PABA
inhibits DHF synthesis