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Spalding High School A Level PE > Sports Psychology2 > Flashcards

Sports Psychology2 Flashcards

1
Q

Somebody who deems ‘failure is inevitable’ is a condition called?

A

Learned helplessness

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2
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘competitive orientation’ in relation to Vealey’s model of sports confidence?

A

Our degree of competitiveness e.g. volunteering to take a penality

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3
Q

What are the success attributions associated with mastery orientation?

A

Internal stable (ability) e.g. ‘we won because we were the better team’ and internal unstable (Effort) e.g. ‘we won because we tried harder’

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4
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique m_______ r_________and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

A

Mental rehearsal

E.g. A high jumper closes their eyes and pictures themselves clearing the bar.

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5
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘emotional arousal’ that may LOWER self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s model of self efficacy?

A

Performer is unable to control arousal e.g. footballer worries more about missing the penality than concentrating on scoring

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6
Q

Give an example of a internal stable attribution.

A

Ability e.g. ‘we won because we were the better team’

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7
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘vicarious experiences’ that may have LOWERED self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s theory of self efficacy?

A

Seeing someone in their team fail e.g. team mate keeps missing penalties

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8
Q

Evaluate an emergent leader being voted in as a new captain?

A

+ Already accepted by group
+ Understands group dynamics
- Maybe over familiar with group/have no new ideas

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9
Q

Somebody who is ‘motivated to become an expert’ is a condition called?

A

Mastery orientation

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10
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘trait sports confidence’ in relation to Vealey’s model of sports confidence?

A

Our innate, stable and enduring position to be confident e.g. confident in a wide range of sports

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11
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘verbal persuasion’ that may LOWER self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s model of self efficacy?

A

Not receiving any encouragement/positive feedback e.g. the coach not praising the footballer in training or matches

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13
Q

Give an example of a internal unstable attribution.

A

Effort e.g. ‘we won because we tried harder’

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14
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique r________ t_________and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

A

Rational thinking

E.g. An Olympic 400m runner starts to worry about their upcoming race but instead thinks about all the times they have won and how well they did in qualifying.

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15
Q

What are the failure attributions associated with mastery orientation?

A

Internal unstable (effort) e.g. ‘I lost because I need to try harder’

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16
Q

Identify the following somatic (physiological) stress management technique b__________ and give a sporting example of how it could be used

A

Biofeedback

E.g. an athlete uses a heart rate monitor in her pre-race routine to help her recognise if she is becoming too anxious in order to control her arousal levels before the start of the race.

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17
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘state sports confidence’ in relation to Vealey’s model of sports confidence?

A

Situation specific confidence e.g. when taking a penality

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18
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘emotional arousal’ that would help increase self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s model of self efficacy?

A

Understanding high arousal can lead to high performance e.g. a footballer scoring a penalty in a final under high arousal

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19
Q

Using a sporting example, what type of leader is selected from outside the group/externally appointed?

A

Prescribed leader e.g. a new football manager or captain appointed from another team

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20
Q

Low sport confidence will lead to decreased m__________ and decreased pe___________

A

motivation, performance

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21
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique i________ and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

A

Imagery

E.g. when a golfer is getting too nervous before tee-off she imagines being on a beach lying in the sun

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22
Q

Attributions are the process of giving reasons for s_____ or f______.

A

success, failure

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22
Q

Using a sporting example, define an ‘objective sports situation’ in relation to Vealey’s model of sports confidence?

A

The skill to be undertaken e.g. a penality

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23
Q

According to Vealey’s model of sports confidence a positive subjective outcome will increase? (5 answers required)

A
  1. Trait sports confidence,
  2. Competitve orientation,
  3. State sport confidence,
  4. Self-efficacy,
  5. Approach behaviour
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24
Q

The ‘social learning’ theory of leadership states that leadership characteristics are l_______ from others (copied). It considers the social e___________ you have been exposed to and leadership behaviour is learned if re__________. It completely dis_______ with the ‘trait’ theory of leadership.

A

Learned, environment, reinforced, disagrees.

E.g. you copy the leadership behaviours of the school rounders captain

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25
Q

The ‘trait’ theory of leadership states that leadership characteristics are i_____ (you are born with them), they are s______ and e________. It is based on the G_____ M___ theory where only men could be successful leaders and only sons could inherit leadership qualities.

A

Innate, stable, enduring, Great Man theory.

E.g. Dad passes down leadership qualities of confidence to his son.

E.g. if you are born a leader you can lead anyone.

26
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘athletic performance/behaviour’ if all other parts of Bandura’s model LOWERED self-efficacy?

A

Performance is decreased due to low self-efficacy e.g. the footballer misses the penality or refuses to take it

27
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘athletic performance/behaviour’ if all other parts of Bandura’s model helped to INCREASE self-efficacy?

A

Performance is now improved due to increased self-efficacy e.g. the footballer scores the penalty

28
Q

Identify the following somatic (physiological) stress management technique c__________ t__________ and give a sporting example of how it could be used

A

Centring technique

E.g. a swimmer goes to a quiet room to focus her concentration on the centre of her body enabling her to focus her mind.

29
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique p________ t_________ and give a sporting example of how it could be used

A

Positive thinking

E.g. a long jumper tells herself she can jump far

30
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘efficacy expectations/judgements’ if all other parts of Bandura’s model LOWERED self-efficacy?

A

The expectation of the performer to failure will increase e.g. the footballer feels more likely to miss the penality

32
Q

According to Weiner’s model of attribution what are the 2 dimension types?

A

Locus of Causality (internal/external) & Locus of Stability (stable/unstable)

33
Q

High sport confidence will lead to increased pa__________ due to a_________ b_________

A

participation, approach behaviour

34
Q

Identify the following somatic (physiological) stress management technique b________ c_______ and give a sporting example of how it could be used

A

Breathing control

E.g. a rugby player kicking a penalty conversion takes deep slow breaths before making the kick.

35
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘efficacy expectations/judgements’ if all other parts of Bandura’s model helped to increase self-efficacy?

A

The expectation of the performer to achieve success will increase e.g the footballer is feels more likely to score the penality

36
Q

Self confidence is the s___ b_____an individual has in their a_____ to be s__________

A

self, belief, ability, successful

38
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique m___________ and give a sporting example of how it could be used

A

Mindfulness

E.g. a gymnast starts to worry about the next routine but decides to meditate instead.

39
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘verbal persuasion’ that would help INCREASE self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s model of self efficacy?

A

Positive feedback from a coach/significant other e.g. coach praising footballer for scoring a penality

41
Q

According to Vealey’s model of sports confidence a negative subjective outcome will decrease (4 answers required) and increase (1 answer required)?

A 
Decrease 
1. Trait sports confidence, 
2. Competitve orientation, 
3. State sport confidence, 
4. Self-efficacy, 
Increase 
1. Avoidance behaviour
43
Q

Identify the following somatic (physiological) stress management technique p________ m__________ r_________ and give a sporting example of how it could be used

A

Progressive muscular relaxation

E.g. a netball player tenses and relaxes her muscles working from her head to her feet.

44
Q

Evaluate a prescribed leader being appointed as a new captain?

A

+ New voice
+ New ideas that can re-motivate players
- Doesn’t understand group dynamics

45
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘performance accomplishments’ that may have LOWERED self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s model of self efficacy?

A

Performer may have previous failure e.g. footballer has missed many previous penalties

46
Q

What are the characteristics of an effective leader? Remember ‘to be a good leader you need to be a good CAPTAIN’.

A 
C-Confident
A-Adaptable
P-Personable
T-Talented
A-Ambitious 
I-Inspiring 
N-Noticeable/Charisma
47
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘vicarious experiences’ that would help INCREASE self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s theory of self efficacy?

A

Watching someone of a similar ability being successful e.g. watching a team mate score penalties

49
Q

According to Weiner’s model of attribution what are the 4 attribution types/classifications?

A

Internal stable (ability), internal unstable (effort), external stable (task difficulty), external unstable (luck)

51
Q

Give an example of a external stable attribution.

A

Task difficulty e.g. ‘I wish I had picked an easier tariff move or football league

52
Q

The ‘interactionist’ theory of leadership states that leadership characteristics are a combination of both t_____ and s_____ l________ theories. You show i_____ leadership skills depending on the e_____________ (situation).

A

Trait, social learning, innate, environment.

E.g. you might be very laid back when playing netball but when the coach is off ill you lead the training session.

53
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique g____ s_______ and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

A

Goal setting

E.g. a netball player sets themselves a goal to make 5 interceptions during the game.

54
Q

High sport confidence will lead to increased m__________ and increased pe___________

A

motivation, performance

55
Q

Low sport confidence will lead to decreased pa__________ due to a_________ b_________

A

participation, avoidance behaviour

55
Q

Using a sporting example, what type of leader comes from within the group?

A

Emergent leader e.g. cricket players voting in a captain from within or an assistant coach becoming a head coach

56
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘behavioural response’ in relation to Vealey’s model of sports confidence?

A

How good the technqiue was e.g. how well the penalty was struck

56
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘performance accomplishments’ that would help INCREASE self-efficacy in relation to Bandura’s model of self efficacy?

A

Reminding perfomer of previous success e.g. footballer shown video of previous successful penalties

57
Q

Which is the ‘golden’ attribution type or classification and why?

A

Internal unstable (Effort) because it is the only one we have CONTROL over

57
Q

Using a sporting example, define ‘subjective outcome’ in relation to Vealey’s model of sports confidence?

A

Perception/interpretation of success e.g. score or miss penality

57
Q

What are the 3 theories of leadership?

A
  1. Trait theory
  2. Social learning theory
  3. Interactionist theory
58
Q

Give an example of a external unstable attribution.

A

Luck e.g. ‘they had the ref on their side’

58
Q

What are the failure attributions associated with learned helplessness?

A

Internal stable (Ability) e.g. ‘I am useless’

59
Q

Identify the following cognitive (psychological) stress management technique n________ t________ s_________and give a sporting example of how it could be used.

A

Negative thought stopping

E.g. a triple jumper is getting ready to make a jump but starts worrying they will cross the white jump board. As soon as she starts to think this she stops.

60
Q

What are the success attributions associated with learned helplessness?

A

External unstable (Luck) e.g. ‘we won because the ref made the wrong decision’

60
Q

The attributions for success or failure will have an effect on: m____________, c____________ and f______ e__________ of s________.

A

motivation, confidence, future expectations of success

61
Q

Describe the 3 leadership styles of leadership in sport?

A
  1. Autocratic-leader makes decisions/task orientated
  2. Democratic-leader delegates responsibility/socially orientated
  3. Laissez Faire-group makes all decisions/leader stands aside
62
Q

The following would describe which leadership style?

Good for large groups
Good for dangerous activities
Good cognitive beginners/low ability
Males respond better

A

Autocratic

Spalding High School A Level PE (18 decks)

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