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Spalding High School A Level PE > Biomechanics part 1 > Flashcards

Biomechanics part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Newton’s 1st law of motion (linear)?

A

NL1 = Inertia: A body continues in a state of rest or constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

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2
Q

M________ of I_______ is the resistance of a body to change its rotation?

A

Moment of Inertia

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3
Q

Name the force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact (anti-slipping force)?

A

Friction (N)

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4
Q

A push or pull that alters the state of motion/movement of a body is known as a f____ and is measured in N_______

A

Force, Newton’s

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5
Q

Ice skating pirouette: during mid flight moment of inertia is ____ and angular velocity is ____ because m___ is distributed close to the l____________ axis of rotation

A

low, high, mass, longitudinal

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6
Q

A_________ M__________ is the quantity of rotation possessed

A

Angular Momentum

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7
Q

Describe angular velocity

A

Rate of change in rotation (rate of spin)

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8
Q

Define Newton’s 2nd law of motion (linear)?

A

NL2 = Acceleration: A body’s change of momentum (velocity) is proportional to the size of the force applied and it acts in the same direction as the force applied.

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9
Q

Name the force that opposes motion through the air?

A

Air resistance (N)

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10
Q

A force applied directly through the centre of mass resulting in linear motion is called a d______ force

A

Direct

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11
Q

Define momentum.

A

The quantity of motion/movement possessed by a moving body

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12
Q

A force applied outside the centre of mass resulting in angular motion (rotation) is called an e________ force

A

Eccentric

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13
Q

Name the 4 factors affecting air resistance/drag (4S’s)?

A
  1. Size of frontal cross sectional area
  2. Speed
  3. Surface characteristics
  4. Shape/Streamlining
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14
Q

When moment of inertia is high, angular velocity is ___

A

low

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15
Q

Newton’s law of angular motion states a rotating body will continue to turn abouts its a___ of r________ with constant a_______ m___________unless acted upon by an eccentic force

A

axis of rotation, angular momentum

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16
Q

Angular motion results from an ________ force applied outside the COM

A

Eccentric

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17
Q

What is the effect that base of support has on stability?

A

Increased base of support = increase stability

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18
Q

Name the force that is the equal and opposite force exerted by a body in response to the action force placed upon it e.g. sprinter pushes foot against the starting blocks-starting blocks exert an equal and opposite force back

A

Reaction (measured in Newton’s)

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19
Q

Describe a sporting example of Newton’s third law:

A

Golf club exerts forward force on the ball. Ball exerts an equal and opposite force on the ball.

20
Q

The force that opposes motion/movement through the air is called?

A

Air resistance

21
Q

Name the force that is the gravitational pull of the earth on a body?

A

Weight (N)

22
Q

What is angular velocity?

A

Rate of change in rotation (angular displacement)

23
Q

Cyclists use lycra to improve ?

A

Surface characteristics-lycra suits reduce air resistance

24
Q

Name the 4 factors affecting stability?

A
  1. Mass (greater the mass greater the stability e.g. sumo wrestler)
  2. Height of Centre of Mass (lower CoM = greater stability)
  3. Size of base of support (more points of contact/wider base = greater stability)
  4. Line of gravity/CoM (more central the line of gravity/CoM to base of support = greater stability)
26
Q

When moment of inertia = low, angular velocity=?

A

High

27
Q

Ice skating pirouette during landing phase, moment of inertia is ___ and angular velocity is ___

A

high , low

28
Q

Name the 4 factors affecting friction (4R’s)?

A
  1. Roughness of contact surface,
  2. Roughness of ground surface,
  3. Reaction force
  4. tempeRature
29
Q

The force that opposed the motion of 2 surfaces in contact (anti slipping force) is known as f_______ and is measured in N_______

A

Friction & Newton’s

30
Q

Whats’s the relationship between line of gravity and stability?

A

More central line of gravity = increase stability

31
Q

What happens to Centre Of Mass during the Fosbury Flop in high jump? Think about take-off and flight

A

Take off = arms raised COM higher but within body

Flight = COM located outside the body, under the bar

32
Q

Which of Newton’s laws states that a body continues in a state of rest or constant velocity unless acted on by an external force?

A

Newton’s first law- law of inertia

33
Q

Name the memory hook for the 3 axes of rotation? Give a sporting example for each axis.

A

Lollies, Taste, Fruity
L-Longitudinal (Longest = top to bottom-a trampolinist performing a full twist)
T-Transverse (Table football = side to side-a front somersault)
F-Fruity (Front to back-a cartwheel)

34
Q

The gravitational pull of the earth on a body is known as w______ and is measured in N_______

A

Weight & Newton’s

35
Q

How do you calculate force according to newton’s second law?

A

Force= Mass x acceleration

35
Q

Describe moment of inertia

A

Resistance of a body to change its rotation

36
Q

The memory hook for planes and axis is?

A

Tuna, Smells, Fishy (Planes)

Lollies, Taste, Fruity (Axis)

37
Q

Movement of a body in a straight or curved line, where all body parts move the same distance, in the same direction over the same time is called ________ motion.

A

Linear

38
Q

What is Centre of Mass?

A

Point at which weight appears to act/ where an object is balanced in all directions.

40
Q

The force that opposes motion/movement through water is called d____ and is measured in N_______

A

Drag, Newton’s

41
Q

State Newton’s Third Law of motion (linear)?

A

NL3 Reaction: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

42
Q

Name the 2 factors affecting your moment of inertia (resistance to rotation)

A
  1. Mass

2. Distribution of mass from axis of rotation

43
Q

The rate of change of velocity (speed) is known as a____________

A

Acceleration (m/s/s)

44
Q

The sum of all forces acting on a body is called n__ force. This can either be balanced (zero) or unbalanced (+ or -)

A

Net

45
Q

Spin (rotation) is created by an e________ force applied outside the centre of mass (CoM)

A

eccentric

45
Q

Which of Newton’s Laws refers to a body’s change in momentum (acceleration) is proportional to the size and direction of the force applied.

A

Newton’s second law- law of acceleration

Spalding High School A Level PE (18 decks)

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