Biomechanics part 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Discus, javelin and ski jumpers have an ________ shape. Where air pressure is ___ above and ____ below to create an upwards lift force

A

aerofoil, low, high

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2
Q

Creation of additional lift force on a projectile (due to movement of air from high to low pressure) is the b__________ p___________

A

bernoulli principle

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3
Q

Flight path symmetrical about it’s highest point caused by dominant force of weight is what type of flight path?

A

parabolic e.g. shot putt

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4
Q

Sporting example of a non-parabolic flight path is a s_______cock (badminton)

A

shuttlecock

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5
Q

Slice shot goes to the left or right?

A

Right (Slice-Rice)

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6
Q

The memory hook for planes and axis is?

A

Tuna, Smells, Fishy (Planes)

Lollies, Taste, Fruity (Axis)

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7
Q

Bernoulli principle. Air under low pressure travels at a ___ velocity

A

high

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8
Q

Backspin is an attacking or defensive shot?

A

Defensive-causes ball to float/travel further/longer flight path

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9
Q

Topspin is an attacking or defensive shot?

A

Attacking-causes ball to dip/comes down more quickly/shorter flight path

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10
Q

Aerofoil shapes create an __wards lift force

A

up

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11
Q

Track cyclists and F1 cars have an _______ aerofoil shape. Where air pressure is ____ above and ____ below.

A

inverted, high, low

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12
Q

Most favourable angle of release for a projectile to create lift is called the angle of a_____ ?

A

attack-45 degrees when starting height and landing height are same

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13
Q

A flight path asymmetrical about its highest point caused by a dominant force of air resistance is what type of flight path?

A

Non parabolic

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14
Q

Hook shot goes to the right or left?

A

Left (Hook-Look)

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15
Q

Spin (rotation) is created by an e________ force applied outside the centre of mass (CoM)

A

eccentric

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16
Q

Ice skating pirouette: during mid flight moment of inertia (resistance to rotation) is ____ and angular velocity is ____

A

low, high

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17
Q

What type of spin makes a ball dip and shoot forward off the surface?

A

Top spin

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18
Q

Sporting example of parabolic flight path is s___ p___

A

shot putt

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19
Q

Which of Newton’s laws states that a body continues in a state of rest or constant velocity unless acted on by an external force?

A

Newton’s first law- law of inertia

20
Q

Bernoulli principle. Air under high pressure travels at ___ velocity

A

low

21
Q

Describe shape of a parabolic flight path?

A

A flight path symmetrical about its highest point caused by the dominant force of weight e.g. shot

22
Q

Downwards forces are created by i________ aerofoils

A

inverted

23
Q

Bernoulli principle (apply to F1 car or track cyclist)-air travels at ? velocity and ? pressure below the cyclist. Above the F1 car or track cyclist air travels at ? velocity and ? pressure. This pushes the F1 car/cyclist into the ground creating grip.

A

high, low (below)

low, high (above)

24
Q

What type of spin makes the ball ‘sit up’ and decelerate off the surface?

A

Back spin

25
Q

Dominant force acting on a projectile during a non-parabolic flight path is a__ r_________

A

air resistance

26
Q

Which of Newton’s Laws refers to a body’s change in momentum (acceleration) is proportional to the size and direction of the force applied.

A

Newton’s second law- law of acceleration

27
Q

What is Centre of Mass?

A

Point at which weight appears to act/ where an object is balanced in all directions.

28
Q

Newton’s law of angular motion states a rotating body will continue to turn abouts its a___ of r________ with constant a_______ m___________unless acted upon by an eccentic force

A

axis of rotation, angular momentum

29
Q

Angular motion results from an ________ force applied outside the COM

A

Eccentric

30
Q

Ice skating pirouette during landing phase, moment of inertia is ___ and angular velocity is ___

A

high , low

31
Q

Dominant force acting on a projectile during a parabolic flight path is w_____

A

weight

32
Q

When moment of inertia = low, angular velocity=?

A

High

33
Q

When moment of inertia is high, angular velocity is ___

A

low

34
Q

What happens to Centre Of Mass during the Fosbury Flop in high jump?

A

Take off = arms raised COM higher but within body

Flight = COM located outside the body, under the bar

35
Q

Name the 4 factors affecting horizontal distance travelled by projectiles (ASHA)?

A

Angle of release
Speed of release
Height of release
Aerodynamics

36
Q

Describe moment of inertia

A

Resistance of a body to change its rotation

37
Q

Describe angular velocity

A

Rate of change in rotation (rate of spin)

38
Q

Describe angular momentum

A

The quantity of rotation possessed

39
Q

Name and describe the memory hook for use of technology (limb kinematics/force plates/wind tunnels) to optimise (maximise) performance in sport?

A
TRAINERS
Positives
T-Technique
R-Rehabilitation
A-Accurate data
I-Information for analysis
Negative
N-Not available to most
E-Expensive
R-Results complicated
S-Specialist training needed
40
Q

Name the memory hook for the 3 axes of rotation? Give a sporting example for each axis.

A

Lollies, Taste, Fruity
L-Longitudinal (Longest = top to bottom-a trampolinist performing a full twist)
T-Transverse (Table football = side to side-a front somersault)
F-Fruity (Front to back-a cartwheel)

41
Q

Name the force that opposes motion through the air?

A

Air resistance (N)

42
Q

Name the force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact (anti-slipping force)?

A

Friction (N)

43
Q

Name the force that is the gravitational pull of the earth on a body?

A

Weight (N)

44
Q

Name the force that is the equal and opposite force exerted by a body in response to the action force placed upon it e.g. sprinter pushes foot against the starting blocks-starting blocks exert an equal and opposite force back

A

Reaction (N)

45
Q

Using an ice skating jump with a pirouette describe what the ice skater does to create rotation. REMEMBER to describe what happens at:

  1. Take off
  2. Mid flight
  3. In preparation for landing/landing
A

TAKE-OFF-angular momentum is generated by the ice skater applying an eccentric force from the ice to the body. Rotation starts around the longitudinal axis. Mass is distributed away from the axis of rotation which means Moment of Inertia is high and Angular Velocity is low.
MID FLIGHT: mass is distributed close to the longitudinal axis. Moment of Inertia is low, Angular Velocity is high (the ice skater spins quickly)
IN PREP FOR LANDING/LANDING: mass is distributed away from longitudinal axis. Moment of Inertia is high and Angular Velocity is low (the ice skater slows spin for controlled landing). AS THEY LAND: the ice applies an eccentric force to the ice skater which removes the conserved quantity of angular momentum.