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Spalding High School A Level PE > Cardiovascular and respiratory systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular and respiratory systems Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac output = ? x ?

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

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2
Q

What is the average resting value for heart rate?

A

72 bpm

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3
Q

What is the resting value for stroke volume?

A

70 ml

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4
Q

What is the resting value for caridac output?

A

5 l/min

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5
Q

A resting heart rate belown 60 bpm is known as?

A

Bradycardia

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6
Q

Name the 3 stages of the cardiac cycle?

A
  1. Atrial systole
  2. Ventricular systole
  3. Diastole
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7
Q

Which part of the conduction system generates the electrical impulse?

A

SA node

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8
Q

The AV node d_____ the electrical impulse by 0.1 seconds

A

delays

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9
Q

What is the role of the Bundle of His?

A

Splits electrical impulse into 2

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10
Q

Where do the Bundle Branches carry the electrical impulse to?

A

base of ventricles

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11
Q

The p________ f______ distribute the electrical impulse through the ventricles causing ventricular systole.

A

purkinje fibres

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12
Q

Name the 5 venuous return mechanisms?

A
  1. Pocket valves
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Muscle pump
  4. Respiratory pump
  5. Gravity
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13
Q

Define vascular shunt

A

The redistribution of blood around the body

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14
Q

The _________ and ___ ________ __________ vasodilate and vasoconstrict at working muscles or non essential organs

A

arterioles and pre capillary sphincters

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15
Q

What regulates (controls) the vascular shunt mechanism?

A

VCC (Vasomotor Control Centre)

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16
Q

Where receptors does the VCC receive information from?

A

Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors

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17
Q

During exercise ?% blood flow goes to the working muscles and ?% blood flow goes to the non essential organs

A

80, 20

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18
Q

What controls heart rate regulation?

A

CCC (Cardiac Control Centre)

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19
Q

Name the three neural receptors that give information to the CCC?

A

Chemoreceptors, proprioceptors, baroreceptors

20
Q

Increased body temperature and increased venous return are two in_________ receptors

A

intrinsic

21
Q

What is the one hormonal receptor?

A

adrenaline

22
Q

What are the four receptors that give information to the RCC (Respiratory Control Centre)?

A
  1. Proprioceptor
  2. Baroreceptor
  3. Chemoreceptor
  4. Thermoreceptor
23
Q

Which muscle does the phrenic nerve cause to contract?

A

Diaphragm

24
Q

The intercostal nerve causes the ? to contract

A

External intercostal muscles

25
Q

Define breathing rate?

A

Number of inspirations/expirations per minute

26
Q

_____ _______is the volume of air inspired/expired per breath

A

Tidal volume

27
Q

Define minute ventilation?

A

volume of air inspired/expired per minute

28
Q

What are the resting values and maximal values for breathing rate (breaths/min)

A

12-15, 50-60

29
Q

? ml is the resting value for tidal volume and ? litres is the maximal value

A

500, 3-3.5

30
Q

6-7.5 l/min is the resting value for what?

A

Minute ventilation

31
Q

Which muscles contract during inspiration at rest?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

32
Q

The ribs move ? and ? during inspiration at rest

A

up and out

33
Q

What happens to the volume of the chest cavity during inspiration, during exercise

A

Increase more than at rest

34
Q

What happens to the pressure in the lungs during inspiration, during exercise?

A

Decreases more than at rest

35
Q

What extra muscles are used for inspiration during exercise?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor

36
Q

Expiration at rest is a ? process

A

Passive

37
Q

Which muscles are involved in expiration during exercise?

A
  1. Diaphragm & EICs relax more than at rest
  2. Internal intercostals contract
  3. Rectus abdominus contract
38
Q

What happens to the movement of the rib cage during expiration at rest?

A

down and in

39
Q

What happens to the volume of the chest cavity and pressure in the lungs during expiration at rest.

A

decreases, increases

40
Q

What is the memory hook for mechanics of breathing?

A

MMVP
Muscles
Movement
Volume
Pressure

41
Q

External respiration is at what site in the body?

A

lungs

42
Q

Internal respiration is at what site in the body?

A

muscles

43
Q

All gases move from an area of ____ partial pressure to an area of ___ partial pressure

A

High, low

44
Q

What is the memory hook for gaseous exchange?

A

Gas
Area
Special rule
Partial pressure
Diffusion
Diffusion gradient

45
Q

The bohr shift is a shift to the ? on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve.

A

right

46
Q

An increase in ?, ?, ?, and a decrease in ? Causes more CO2 to be released (dissociated) from haemoglobin causing a steeper diffusion gradient

A

CO2, blood and muscle temperature, lactic acid, pH

Spalding High School A Level PE (18 decks)

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