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DPT (Cumulative Final) > Sports Cardiology / Athletic Conditions > Flashcards

Sports Cardiology / Athletic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

The cardiac muscle becomes _______ with training

A

larger

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2
Q

If the heart wall thickness does NOT decrease during de-training this indicates

A

Possible cardiac disease

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3
Q

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

1 and 3 in 100,000

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death

A

Congenital cardiac disease

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5
Q

What causes Commotio Cordis?

A

Trauma to the chest wall interrupts the electrical impulse of the heart

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6
Q

Chest blow during repolarization induces

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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7
Q

What sports have been associated with greatest number of deaths due to commotio cordis?

A

Sports with hard projectiles (baseball, lacrosse, softball)

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8
Q

What is the major causative factor of commotio cordis?

A

Timing of the incident

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9
Q

Prevention of commotio cordis

A

Protective padding
AED/CPR within 3 minutes

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10
Q

What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

Left ventricle walls thicken

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11
Q

80% of individuals with HCM have __________

A

Abnormally small coronary arteries causing myocardial ischemia

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12
Q

Both ______ wall distensibility and incomplete myocardial relaxation contribute to _________ left ventricular filling

A

Decreased, altered

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13
Q

Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Fatigue
Dyspnea
Exertional angina
syncope- temp loss of consciousness

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14
Q

Exertional angina, syncope and near syncope are all

A

Conditions that could cause sudden cardiac death and warrant immediate referral

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15
Q

What could be heard when listening to a heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Harsh precordial ejection murmur at the left lower sternal border

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16
Q

MRI of someone with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy will show _____

A

> 15 mm ventricular wall thickness

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17
Q

An echocardiography will show what with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Ventricular septum or free wall thickness
Decreased ventricular diastolic activity (<45mm)

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18
Q

Discontinuing activities for __________ may help to determine HCM

A

A few weeks to 1 month

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19
Q

Classification of Sports based on peak static and dynamic components

A

Picture

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20
Q

Can individuals with HCM that have a implantable cardioverter defibrillator participate in competitive sports?

A

NO

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21
Q

Athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be restricted from ____ competitive sports with possible exception of ________

A

ALL
Low-intensity sports (class 1A)

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22
Q

Prevention of death from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Comprehensive medical history
Screening

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23
Q

What is the second leading cause of sudden death in athletes?

A

Coronary artery abnormalities

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24
Q

When do most events happen with coronary artery abnormalities?

A

During or just after strenuous exercise

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25
Q

How are coronary artery abnormalities characterized?

A

Aberrant (deviating or abnormal) coronary artery
Complete absence of coronary artery

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26
Q

Coronary artery abnormalities are usually involve which artery?

A

Left anterior descending artery

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27
Q

Signs and symptoms of coronary artery abnormalities

A

Angina with exertion
Exertional syncope
Near syncope with exertion
Exertional dyspnea

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28
Q

A heritable disorder of the connective tissue

A

Marfan syndrome

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29
Q

Physical features of Marfan syndrome

A

Arm-span to height ratio >1.05
Steinberg sign
Walker-murdoch sign

30
Q

Cardiovascular features of Marfan Syndrome

A

Enlarged aorta
Aortic regurgitation due to rupture of aorta

31
Q

What is Myocarditis

A

Inflammatory acute or chronic disease of the myocytes

32
Q

What happens to the ventricles with Myocarditis

A

Become stretched out

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of Myocarditis

A

CHF-like
pitting edema
palpitations
tachycardia
S3 heart sounds

34
Q

Treatments for myocarditis

A

Diuretics
Antiarryhythmia drugs
Decrease sodium and caffeine

35
Q

How long must a person diagnosed with myocarditis stop their sport

A

AT LEAST 6 months

36
Q

What is Congenital Aortic Stenosis

A

Impaired left ventricle outflow with hypertrophy of the intraventricular septum and left ventricular wall

37
Q

Signs and symptoms of Congenital Aortic Stenosis

A

Ischemia
Hypotension
Exertional syncope
Heart murmur

38
Q

What shows up on an EKG with Congenital Aortic Stenosis?

A

In V5 R >35mm
ST depression
T wave inversion in V6

39
Q

Can those with severe congenital aortic stenosis participate in competitive sports?

A

NO

40
Q

What happens with Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

blood leaks back into the left atrium at systole

41
Q

Symptoms of Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

Heat palpitations
SOB

42
Q

Can those who are asymptomatic with Mitral Valve prolapse participate in sports?

A

Yes

43
Q

What is heard with Mitral Valve Prolapse when performing heart sound auscultations?

A

Mild to late apical click and systolic murmur

44
Q

What movements increase sound of the murmur in those with Mitral Valve Prolapse?

A

Valsalva maneuver

45
Q

What is Wolff-Parkinson-White sydrome?

A

Ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia

46
Q

What signs on an EKG indicate Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Short PR interval (<0.12s)
Prolonged QRS (>0.12s)

47
Q

Signs and symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White sydrome?

A

Periods of unconsciousness

48
Q

Treatment for Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

Surgery if symptomatic
Catheter ablation

49
Q

If an individual with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is over 20 years old without structural disease and ASYMPTOMATIC can they participate in all sports?

A

YES

50
Q

What type of sports can those individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome <20 yrs old and ASYMPTOMATIC participate in?

A

moderate to high intensity

51
Q

Symptomatic individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can have a HR of _________

A

> 240 bpm

52
Q

When is there no limitation on activity for those with arrhythmic conditions?

A

ASYMPTOMATIC
NO STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE

53
Q

What is anemia?

A

Decrease in RBC

54
Q

Signs and symptoms of anemia

A

Fatigue
Decreased performance
Orthostatic hypertension
Pallor
Craving ice

55
Q

What is the normal range for complete blood cell count?

A

4.2-6.1

56
Q

What level indicates iron deficiency?

A

<12 ng/ml

57
Q

What is the normal iron level for women?

A

12-263 ng/ml

58
Q

What is the normal iron level for men?

A

20-250 ng/ml

59
Q

What does a decrease in B12 and folate mean?

A

Malnourished athlete

60
Q

If serum iron levels decrease, what does it indicate?

A

Chronic disease anemia

61
Q

What foods are high in iron and should be consumed by athletes with anemia?

A

organ meat
lean red meat
dark poultry
shellfish
eggs
legumes
iron-fortified cereal

62
Q

What is exertional hemolysis?

A

Intravascular breakdown of RBC

63
Q

What type of athlete is external hemolysis most common?

A

Runners

64
Q

What does exertional hemolysis cause?

A

Decrease in iron stores/anemia

65
Q

Signs and symptoms of exertional hemolysis

A

Dark urine

66
Q

What is sickle cell anemia?

A

Genetic deficit in hemoglobin

67
Q

What does sickle cell anemia cause?

A

Chronic hemolytic anemia b/c abnormal shape of the RBC
Ischemia in distal areas due to “log-jam” of the RBC in vasculature

68
Q

What can an individual with sickle cell anemia still do when they collapse?

A

Articulate

69
Q

Symptoms of sickle cell anemia

A

Sudden onset
hypotension
tachycardia
cramps
hyperventilation

70
Q

What is the difference between sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait?

A

Sickle cell anemia you have abnormal genes from BOTH parents
Sickle cell trait abnormal genes from ONE parent

71
Q

Can individuals with sickle cell anemia participate in sports?

A

Rarely, maybe class 1A

72
Q

Can individuals with sickle cell trait participate in sports?

A

Yes

DPT (Cumulative Final) (19 decks)

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