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DPT (Cumulative Final) > Sports Cardiology / Athletic Conditions > Flashcards

Sports Cardiology / Athletic Conditions Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

The cardiac muscle becomes _______ with training

A

larger

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2
Q

If the heart wall thickness does NOT decrease during de-training this indicates

A

Possible cardiac disease

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3
Q

Prevalence of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

1 and 3 in 100,000

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death

A

Congenital cardiac disease

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5
Q

What causes Commotio Cordis?

A

Trauma to the chest wall interrupts the electrical impulse of the heart

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6
Q

Chest blow during repolarization induces

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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7
Q

What sports have been associated with greatest number of deaths due to commotio cordis?

A

Sports with hard projectiles (baseball, lacrosse, softball)

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8
Q

What is the major causative factor of commotio cordis?

A

Timing of the incident

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9
Q

Prevention of commotio cordis

A

Protective padding
AED/CPR within 3 minutes

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10
Q

What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A

Left ventricle walls thicken

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11
Q

80% of individuals with HCM have __________

A

Abnormally small coronary arteries causing myocardial ischemia

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12
Q

Both ______ wall distensibility and incomplete myocardial relaxation contribute to _________ left ventricular filling

A

Decreased, altered

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13
Q

Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Fatigue
Dyspnea
Exertional angina
syncope- temp loss of consciousness

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14
Q

Exertional angina, syncope and near syncope are all

A

Conditions that could cause sudden cardiac death and warrant immediate referral

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15
Q

What could be heard when listening to a heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Harsh precordial ejection murmur at the left lower sternal border

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16
Q

MRI of someone with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy will show _____

A

> 15 mm ventricular wall thickness

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17
Q

An echocardiography will show what with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Ventricular septum or free wall thickness
Decreased ventricular diastolic activity (<45mm)

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18
Q

Discontinuing activities for __________ may help to determine HCM

A

A few weeks to 1 month

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19
Q

Classification of Sports based on peak static and dynamic components

A

Picture

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20
Q

Can individuals with HCM that have a implantable cardioverter defibrillator participate in competitive sports?

A

NO

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21
Q

Athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy should be restricted from ____ competitive sports with possible exception of ________

A

ALL
Low-intensity sports (class 1A)

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22
Q

Prevention of death from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Comprehensive medical history
Screening

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23
Q

What is the second leading cause of sudden death in athletes?

A

Coronary artery abnormalities

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24
Q

When do most events happen with coronary artery abnormalities?

A

During or just after strenuous exercise

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25
How are coronary artery abnormalities characterized?
Aberrant (deviating or abnormal) coronary artery Complete absence of coronary artery
26
Coronary artery abnormalities are usually involve which artery?
Left anterior descending artery
27
Signs and symptoms of coronary artery abnormalities
Angina with exertion Exertional syncope Near syncope with exertion Exertional dyspnea
28
A heritable disorder of the connective tissue
Marfan syndrome
29
Physical features of Marfan syndrome
Arm-span to height ratio >1.05 Steinberg sign Walker-murdoch sign
30
Cardiovascular features of Marfan Syndrome
Enlarged aorta Aortic regurgitation due to rupture of aorta
31
What is Myocarditis
Inflammatory acute or chronic disease of the myocytes
32
What happens to the ventricles with Myocarditis
Become stretched out
33
Signs and symptoms of Myocarditis
CHF-like pitting edema palpitations tachycardia S3 heart sounds
34
Treatments for myocarditis
Diuretics Antiarryhythmia drugs Decrease sodium and caffeine
35
How long must a person diagnosed with myocarditis stop their sport
AT LEAST 6 months
36
What is Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Impaired left ventricle outflow with hypertrophy of the intraventricular septum and left ventricular wall
37
Signs and symptoms of Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Ischemia Hypotension Exertional syncope Heart murmur
38
What shows up on an EKG with Congenital Aortic Stenosis?
In V5 R >35mm ST depression T wave inversion in V6
39
Can those with severe congenital aortic stenosis participate in competitive sports?
NO
40
What happens with Mitral Valve Prolapse
blood leaks back into the left atrium at systole
41
Symptoms of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Heat palpitations SOB
42
Can those who are asymptomatic with Mitral Valve prolapse participate in sports?
Yes
43
What is heard with Mitral Valve Prolapse when performing heart sound auscultations?
Mild to late apical click and systolic murmur
44
What movements increase sound of the murmur in those with Mitral Valve Prolapse?
Valsalva maneuver
45
What is Wolff-Parkinson-White sydrome?
Ventricular pre-excitation and tachycardia
46
What signs on an EKG indicate Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Short PR interval (<0.12s) Prolonged QRS (>0.12s)
47
Signs and symptoms of Wolff-Parkinson-White sydrome?
Periods of unconsciousness
48
Treatment for Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome
Surgery if symptomatic Catheter ablation
49
If an individual with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is over 20 years old without structural disease and ASYMPTOMATIC can they participate in all sports?
YES
50
What type of sports can those individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome <20 yrs old and ASYMPTOMATIC participate in?
moderate to high intensity
51
Symptomatic individuals with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can have a HR of _________
>240 bpm
52
When is there no limitation on activity for those with arrhythmic conditions?
ASYMPTOMATIC NO STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE
53
What is anemia?
Decrease in RBC
54
Signs and symptoms of anemia
Fatigue Decreased performance Orthostatic hypertension Pallor Craving ice
55
What is the normal range for complete blood cell count?
4.2-6.1
56
What level indicates iron deficiency?
<12 ng/ml
57
What is the normal iron level for women?
12-263 ng/ml
58
What is the normal iron level for men?
20-250 ng/ml
59
What does a decrease in B12 and folate mean?
Malnourished athlete
60
If serum iron levels decrease, what does it indicate?
Chronic disease anemia
61
What foods are high in iron and should be consumed by athletes with anemia?
organ meat lean red meat dark poultry shellfish eggs legumes iron-fortified cereal
62
What is exertional hemolysis?
Intravascular breakdown of RBC
63
What type of athlete is external hemolysis most common?
Runners
64
What does exertional hemolysis cause?
Decrease in iron stores/anemia
65
Signs and symptoms of exertional hemolysis
Dark urine
66
What is sickle cell anemia?
Genetic deficit in hemoglobin
67
What does sickle cell anemia cause?
Chronic hemolytic anemia b/c abnormal shape of the RBC Ischemia in distal areas due to "log-jam" of the RBC in vasculature
68
What can an individual with sickle cell anemia still do when they collapse?
Articulate
69
Symptoms of sickle cell anemia
Sudden onset hypotension tachycardia cramps hyperventilation
70
What is the difference between sickle cell anemia and sickle cell trait?
Sickle cell anemia you have abnormal genes from BOTH parents Sickle cell trait abnormal genes from ONE parent
71
Can individuals with sickle cell anemia participate in sports?
Rarely, maybe class 1A
72
Can individuals with sickle cell trait participate in sports?
Yes

DPT (Cumulative Final) (19 decks)

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