Nutrition for cardiopulmonary conditions

Question 1

People with cystic fibrosis are always in a _______

Answer 1

Energy deficit

Question 2

What is the protein requirement for individuals with respiratory failure?

Answer 2

1.5-2 g/kg/d

Question 3

What percentage of kcals must come from fat for individuals with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

What type of diet do those with Cystic Fibrosis need?

Answer 4

High calorie
High fat and protein

Question 5

What micronutrient is essential to increase in those who smoke?

Answer 5

Vitamin C

Question 6

Energy needs are based on ______ for those with COPD

Answer 6

WOB (work of breathing)

Question 7

What do you want to avoid doing to those with COPD?

Answer 7

Overfeeding

Question 8

What percentage of total intake must come from CHO and what percentage from FAT in those with COPD?

Answer 8

40-50% CHO
30-40% FAT

Question 9

What should be restricted in those with edema?

Answer 9

Sodium and Fluid

Question 10

What 2 diets are recommended for those with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension?

Answer 10

DASH diet
Mediterranean diet

Question 11

What should fiber intake be for those with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and hypertension?

Answer 11

25-30+ g/day

Question 12

What is the omeg-3 recommendation for those with dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis?

Answer 12

3.7 g/d

Question 13

Sodium intake should be what for those with hypertension, dyslipidemia or atherosclerosis?

Answer 13

<2,300 mg/d

Question 14

How many servings of fruits and vegetables should be consumed in those with hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis?

Answer 14

8-10 servings

Question 15

What supplement should be used if someone is taking statins?

Answer 15

CoQ10

Question 16

What does DHA/EPA help with?

Answer 16

Decreasing RBC stickiness
Vasodilation

Question 17

What is the premise of Mediterranean diet?

Answer 17

Minimally processed foods (more whole foods)
More fruits and vegetables
High in antioxidants and vitamins
Whole grains
Low fat foods
More restrictive protein options

Question 18

DASH diet is an approach to treat _______

Answer 18

Hypertension

Question 19

How does the DASH diet differ from the Mediterranean?

Answer 19

Allows more dairy and protein sources

Question 20

What is prescribed for TG elevation?

Answer 20

Fish oil and niacin

Question 21

<_____% or >____% IBW increases risk for infection, diabetes, morbidity and higher mortality

Answer 21

80, 140

Question 22

What should individuals restrict pre-heart transplant?

Answer 22

Alcohol, smoking, sodium

Question 23

What macronutrient is most important post-transplant? How much is needed?

Answer 23

Protein 1.3-2 g/kg/d

Question 24

What can be exacerbated by surgical stress and immunosuppressive drugs?

Answer 24

Hyperglycemia

Question 25

What should you monitor for abnormalities post-transplant?

Answer 25

Electrolytes

Question 26

What are the affects of steroids? And what can be used to slow the affects?

Answer 26

Osteoporosis and blood glucose dysregulation Vitamin D supplements and weight bearing exercise

Question 27

What is important in preventing infection post-transplant?

Answer 27

Food safety (same as pregnant)

Question 28

What is the main concern with patients that have Pneumonia? What can be done to avoid?

Answer 28

Aspiration dysphagia diet proper positioning STRAW

Question 29

What needs to be address nutritionally in those with asthma?

Answer 29

Dietary triggers (food allergies)

Question 30

Side effects of corticosteroids taken by those with asthma.

Answer 30

Weight gain, osteopenia, calcium loss, hyperglycemia

Question 31

Caffeine is considered a ________

Answer 31

Weak bronchodilator

Question 32

How do antioxidants help those with COPD?

Answer 32

Decreases inflammation

Question 33

_______________ can be used to increase appetite in those with CF

Answer 33

Appetite stimulants

Question 34

What does Thiamin do and what condtion is it recommended for?

Answer 34

Improves L ventricular systolic function Heart Failure

Question 35

What should be avoided by those with heart failure?

Answer 35

Alcohol and tobacco