Pulmonary Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Where is the “angle of the Louis”?
Attachment of the 2nd rib & the tracheal bifurcation.
The Parietal portion of the pleura (around the lungs) pulls the chest in which direction?
Outward
The Visceral portion of the pleura (around the lungs) pulls the chest in which direction?
Inward
What are some abnormal lung sounds?
Crackle, Wheeze, Rhonchus, and Pleural Friction Rub
What do abnormal lung sounds indicate?
Pathologic changes in the tracheobronchial tree
What is Tidal Volume (TV)?
Volume of gas inhaled/exhaled during normal resting breath.
What is a normal TV?
500mL (or) 5L @ rest
What is IRV & ERV (Reserve Volume’s)?
Volume of gas that can be inhaled/exhaled beyond a normal resting tidal inhalation (IRV) / exhalation (ERV).
What is Residual Volume (RV)?
Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after ERV has been exhaled.
What is Vital Capacity?
IRV + TV + ERV
(amount of air that is under volitional control)
What is Vital Capacity typically measured as?
FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)
What is a typical range for FVC & what is it influenced by?
3-5L/min (influenced by body size)
What is Inspiratory Capacity?
IRV + TV
(the amount of air that can be inhaled)
What is Functional Residual Capacity?
ERV + RV
(the amount of air that resides in the lungs after a normal resting tidal exhalation)
What is Total Lung Capacity?
IRV + TV + ERV + RV
(the total amount of air that is contained within the thorax during a max inspiratory effort)
Airway obstruction would be described as?
Air gets in, but expiration is difficult.
Airway restriction would be described as?
Hard for air to get in
(lungs get stiff & lose compliance)
What is FEV1?
The amount of air exhaled during the 1st sec of FVC
What is a healthy FEV1%?
> 70%
What is FEF (Forced Expiratory Flow Rate)?
The slope of a line drawn between 25% & 75% points of exhaled volume on a FVC exhalation curve.
In terms of FEV1/FVC Ratios, what are some obstructive disorders?
In terms of FEV1/FVC Ratios, what are some restrictive disorders?
Optimal respiration occurs when what occurs?
Ventilation & Perfusion (blood flow to the lungs) are matched.
What is a Shunt?
No respiration b/c of an abnormality
> collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.
What is Dead Space?
Well ventilated with no respiration
(anatomical or physiological)
What effect does upright body position posture have on VE & Q?
- Gravity Dependent Perfusion (Q)
- Greater change in VE
- Ventilation Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) is High
The right lung has how ___ lobes & what are their names?
3 lobes, Superior, Inferior, and Middle Lobes
The superior lobe of the (R) lung, can be divided into what 3 segments?
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
The inferior lobe of the (R) lung, can be divided into what 5 segments?
Superior
Posterior Basal
Medial Basal
Lateral Basal
Anterior Basal
The middle lobe of the (R) lung, can be divided into what 2 segments?
Lateral
Medial
Explain the bifurcation of the trachea to each corresponding lobe segment for the right lunge.
Right Upper Lobe Bronchus > Superior Lobe
Right Middle Bronchus > Middle Lobe
Right Lower Lobe Bronchus > Inferior Lobe
The left lung has how ___ lobes & what are their names?
2 lobes, Superior Lobe & Inferior Lobe
The superior lobe of the (L) lung, can be divided into what 4 segments?
Apicoposterior
Anterior
Superior Lingular
Inferior Lingular
The inferior lobe of the (L) lung, can be divided into what 4 segments?
Superior
Anteromedial Basal
Posterior Basal
Lateral Basal
Explain the bifurcation of the trachea to each corresponding lobe segment for the left lunge.
Left Upper Lobe Bronchus > Superior Lobe
Left Lower Lobe Bronchus > Inferior Lobe
How many lung segments are there for each lung?
Right Lung: 10 segments
Left Lung: 8 segments
Intercostals (Internal & External) contribute as accessory respiratory muscles how?
External > Assist Inspiration
Internal > Assist Expiration
