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DPT (Cumulative Final) > Pulmonary Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Pulmonary Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the “angle of the Louis”?

A

Attachment of the 2nd rib & the tracheal bifurcation.

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2
Q

The Parietal portion of the pleura (around the lungs) pulls the chest in which direction?

A

Outward

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3
Q

The Visceral portion of the pleura (around the lungs) pulls the chest in which direction?

A

Inward

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4
Q

What are some abnormal lung sounds?

A

Crackle, Wheeze, Rhonchus, and Pleural Friction Rub

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5
Q

What do abnormal lung sounds indicate?

A

Pathologic changes in the tracheobronchial tree

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6
Q

What is Tidal Volume (TV)?

A

Volume of gas inhaled/exhaled during normal resting breath.

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7
Q

What is a normal TV?

A

500mL (or) 5L @ rest

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8
Q

What is IRV & ERV (Reserve Volume’s)?

A

Volume of gas that can be inhaled/exhaled beyond a normal resting tidal inhalation (IRV) / exhalation (ERV).

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9
Q

What is Residual Volume (RV)?

A

Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after ERV has been exhaled.

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10
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

IRV + TV + ERV

(amount of air that is under volitional control)

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11
Q

What is Vital Capacity typically measured as?

A

FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)

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12
Q

What is a typical range for FVC & what is it influenced by?

A

3-5L/min (influenced by body size)

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13
Q

What is Inspiratory Capacity?

A

IRV + TV

(the amount of air that can be inhaled)

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14
Q

What is Functional Residual Capacity?

A

ERV + RV

(the amount of air that resides in the lungs after a normal resting tidal exhalation)

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15
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity?

A

IRV + TV + ERV + RV

(the total amount of air that is contained within the thorax during a max inspiratory effort)

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16
Q

Airway obstruction would be described as?

A

Air gets in, but expiration is difficult.

17
Q

Airway restriction would be described as?

A

Hard for air to get in

(lungs get stiff & lose compliance)

18
Q

What is FEV1?

A

The amount of air exhaled during the 1st sec of FVC

19
Q

What is a healthy FEV1%?

A

> 70%

20
Q

What is FEF (Forced Expiratory Flow Rate)?

A

The slope of a line drawn between 25% & 75% points of exhaled volume on a FVC exhalation curve.

21
Q

In terms of FEV1/FVC Ratios, what are some obstructive disorders?

A
22
Q

In terms of FEV1/FVC Ratios, what are some restrictive disorders?

A
23
Q

Optimal respiration occurs when what occurs?

A

Ventilation & Perfusion (blood flow to the lungs) are matched.

24
Q

What is a Shunt?

A

No respiration b/c of an abnormality

> collapse or closure of the lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.

25
Q

What is Dead Space?

A

Well ventilated with no respiration
(anatomical or physiological)

26
Q

What effect does upright body position posture have on VE & Q?

A
  • Gravity Dependent Perfusion (Q)
  • Greater change in VE
  • Ventilation Perfusion Ratio (V/Q) is High
27
Q

The right lung has how ___ lobes & what are their names?

A

3 lobes, Superior, Inferior, and Middle Lobes

28
Q

The superior lobe of the (R) lung, can be divided into what 3 segments?

A

Apical
Posterior
Anterior

29
Q

The inferior lobe of the (R) lung, can be divided into what 5 segments?

A

Superior
Posterior Basal
Medial Basal
Lateral Basal
Anterior Basal

30
Q

The middle lobe of the (R) lung, can be divided into what 2 segments?

A

Lateral
Medial

31
Q

Explain the bifurcation of the trachea to each corresponding lobe segment for the right lunge.

A

Right Upper Lobe Bronchus > Superior Lobe
Right Middle Bronchus > Middle Lobe
Right Lower Lobe Bronchus > Inferior Lobe

32
Q

The left lung has how ___ lobes & what are their names?

A

2 lobes, Superior Lobe & Inferior Lobe

33
Q

The superior lobe of the (L) lung, can be divided into what 4 segments?

A

Apicoposterior
Anterior
Superior Lingular
Inferior Lingular

34
Q

The inferior lobe of the (L) lung, can be divided into what 4 segments?

A

Superior
Anteromedial Basal
Posterior Basal
Lateral Basal

35
Q

Explain the bifurcation of the trachea to each corresponding lobe segment for the left lunge.

A

Left Upper Lobe Bronchus > Superior Lobe
Left Lower Lobe Bronchus > Inferior Lobe

36
Q

How many lung segments are there for each lung?

A

Right Lung: 10 segments
Left Lung: 8 segments

37
Q

Intercostals (Internal & External) contribute as accessory respiratory muscles how?

A

External > Assist Inspiration
Internal > Assist Expiration

DPT (Cumulative Final) (19 decks)

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