Cardiopulmonary Responses to Acute Exercise

Question 1

What is a normal RHR range?

Answer 1

Normal: 60 - 100 (Typically: 65 - 85)

Question 2

What is Bradycardia and what is it’s RHR range?

Answer 2

When resting heart rate is below normal. ( < 60 bpm)

Question 3

What is Tachyardia and what is its RHR range?

Answer 3

When resting heart rate is above normal. ( > 100 bpm)

Question 4

Endurance training favors parasympathetic or sympathetic dominance & why?

Answer 4

Endurance training favors parasympathetic dominance through increased vagal tone (reduced heart rate).

Question 5

How does peripheral input regulate heart rate?

Answer 5

Through mechanoreceptors (active muscles) & baroreceptors (arterial blood pressure).

Question 6

What is a normal stroke volume for a 70kg male?

Answer 6

70 ml

Question 7

What are determinants of stroke volume?

Answer 7

Venous return, preload (filling time), and afterload (increased vascular resistance, semilunar damage)

Question 8

At what point does stroke volume stope increasing with exercise intensity and plateau?

Answer 8

40 - 60 % VO2 max

Question 9

What is cardiac output and what is its formula?

Answer 9

Volume of blood pumped per minute. Q = HR x SV.

Question 10

What is a typical cardiac output / min?

Answer 10

70 beat/min x 70 mL/beat = 4.9 L/min

Question 11

What is Max Q & what is it’s limit?

Answer 11

Max cardiac output: 20-40 L/min

Question 12

What is a normal blood pressure (systolic & diastolic)

Answer 12

120 / 70-80

Question 13

What is a blood pressure range for atherosclerosis?

Answer 13

SBP: 300 (ish) & DBP: 120 (ish)

Question 14

What is a blood pressure range for hypertension (HTN)?

Answer 14

SBP: >140 / DBP: >90

Question 15

Does resistance training increase or decrease blood pressure (acutely)?

Answer 15

Significantly increases both SBP & DBP.

Question 16

What is a blood pressure range that is too high to continue exercising?

Answer 16

SBP > 250 / DBP > 115

Question 17

How much does vigorous exercise increase coronary blood flow?

Answer 17

4-6 x increase. (elevated myocardial metabolism & increased aortic BP)

Question 18

What is the O2 utilization in the heart in relation to blood flow?

Answer 18

70-80% used by myocardium from coronary vessels.

Question 19

What is rate-pressure product (RPP)?

Answer 19

Is a measure of the stress put on the cardiac muscle & a good measure of the energy consumption of the heart.

Question 20

What is typical resting RPP & what is its the formula?

Answer 20

Typical resting RPP = 6000 (HR x SBP) [50x120=6000]

Question 21

Does RPP increase or decrease with cardio-respiratory fitness & why?

Answer 21

Decreases due to lower RHR.

Question 22

At rest blood distribution to the body is fairly even. At max output, what are some of the areas blood is distributed away from?

Answer 22

Renal, Skin, Liver, and other various structures receive less BF as skeletal muscle demands more to meet exercise demand.

Question 23

How does ventilation increase to meet the demands of exercise?

Answer 23

Increase in tidal volume, and breathing (respiration) rate.

Question 24

What is Dyspnea?

Answer 24

Shortness of breath. Sensed by patient as the inability to breathe.

Question 25

What is the actual cause of Dyspnea?

Answer 25

Inability to adjust breathing adequately to the increases in blood (arterial) CO2 & H+

Question 26

What is the underlying pathology to dyspnea?

Answer 26

Asthma, COPD, etc…

Question 27

What is the normal breathing rate at rest?

Answer 27

Roughly 15 breaths / min

Question 28

What is hypocapnia?

Answer 28

Excessive CO2 unloading (via over-breathing “light headedness”)

Question 29

What is the mean peak BP in males at 100% maximum while using the valsalva maneuver?

Answer 29

311 / 284 mmHg