Sport Development

Question 1

what are the 3 phrases to sports development?

Answer 1

pre-industrial
industrialisation
post industrial/ advanced technology

Question 2

what were the characteristics of pre- industrial?

Answer 2

most people worked in rural areas and worked the land
wealthy land owners had political upper class power
included working class (uneducated, had harsh life, little free time, strong sense of community)
recreation only took place occasionally (religious holidays, festivals )

Question 3

what were w/c recreational activities?

Answer 3

cheese rolling 
bare knuckle fighting 
archery 
morris dancing 
public executions 
stag hunting

Question 4

what are the characteristics of popular reaction?

Answer 4

few written rules 
occasional (little time) 
violent (physical rather than skill) 
mass participation (non-spectator based) 
limited structure , equipment and facilities 
played with extreme enthusiasm 
working class 
traditional

Question 5

what changed in the industrial revolution?

Answer 5

people moved from country to towns
by 1901 less than 10% working in country
living working conditions cramped
6am-6pm 6 days a week, went to church on Sunday
formation of middle class
population grew to 37 million

Question 6

what did urbanisation have on w/c recreation?

Answer 6

little free time 
poor wages 
no space to take part in pop recreation 
poor health 
the m/c assisted in the creation of rational recreation

Question 7

what are the characteristics of rational recreation?

Answer 7

spectator based 
regular participation 
used refined skills than force 
complex written rules 
sophisticated equipment and facilities
highly structured 
regional and national based
m/c and u/c development

Question 8

what are the factors that explain the influence of the sociocultural on sport?

Answer 8

improved literacy 
improved working conditions 
the church 
urbanisation 
improved transport

Question 9

how did improve literacy develop sport?

Answer 9

rules could be more developed as more of society could understand them
people could read about sports teams and heroes
specialists newspapers could be produced as people are more educated and sold by the masses

Question 10

how did improved working conditions improve sport?

Answer 10

payed holidays supplied by m/c factory owners
a Saturday was provided by factory owners
some factory owners provided sport facilities/ set up work teams

Question 11

how did the church develop sport?

Answer 11

provided facilities and set up Sunday school teams
disapproved of excess of w/c and pop rec
rational recreation is more respectable to them

Question 12

how did urbanisation develop sport?

Answer 12

no space to play pop rec in towns
mass spectators as people lived in built up areas
lack of space led to development of purposeful built sports facilities

Question 13

how did improved transport develop sport?

Answer 13

outdoor and adventurous activities could be developed as a result of increased access to countryside
nationwide competitions could be set up as stream trains led to faster travel
teams could now play each other from further away, home and away fixtures

Question 14

what is meant by athleticism ?

Answer 14

physical endeavour with moral integrity teaching moral values through sport

Question 15

what is meant by professional sport?

Answer 15

a sporting activity this is engaged in for financial gain and as means for livelihood

Question 16

what is mean by broken time payments?

Answer 16

payments made to compensate w/c players for loss of earnings while playing sports

Question 17

what is meant by shamateurism ?

Answer 17

a term describing amateur performers who receive payments secretly

Question 18

what is meant by amateurism?

Answer 18

involved sports participation for the love of it , fair play and sportsmanship were more important than winning . Abiding by the spirit as well as the rules of the game were key qualities of the gentleman amateurs

Question 19

what are the advantages of professionalism?

Answer 19

more practice
high quality personal coaches , advisors
better facilities
clearly defined rules and regs

Question 20

what are the disadvantages of professionalism?

Answer 20

less free time
run risk of burn out
less fun, not much aspects of enjoyment
high pressure

Question 21

what was a gentlemen amateur for the upperclass?

Answer 21

wealthy 
free time (don't work) 
highest social group 
well respected 
public school background

Question 22

why did the upper class take part in sport?

Answer 22

character building
athleticism -values gained of sportsmanship
muscular Christianity- healthy mind, healthy body to serve god

Question 23

what was the middle class gentlemen amateur?

Answer 23

couldn’t afford time off work but also didn’t want to get paid for playing sport
wanted to belike the upper classes
played sport in free time and had the money
accordance to the principle of amateurism

Question 24

why were the w/c excluded?

Answer 24

financially (no time off work) w/c seen as corruptible as they are controlled by money , paid by result
socially (u/c didn’t want to mix with w/c)
not aloud in clubhouses
exclusion clauses (rowing mechanics and labourers were banned) u/c didn’t like getting beaten

Question 25

how does amet+ pro viewed differently ?

Answer 25

sport now survives on money
all classes compete together
respect for talent and effort not social class
pros more time to train - higher performance
high rewards for pros- sponsor/ media
celeb status- motivator to be pro