Attribution theory Flashcards
what are attributions?
they are the perceived causes/ reasons given for a particular outcome
what are attributions in relation to sport?
given reasons as to why an athlete has won on lost e.g. bad weather condition
what did weiner suggest?
that naf and nach become so?
what are the 4 main attributions?
ability
effort
luck
task difficulty
what 2 dimensions can these attributes be placed into?
locus of causality- reason
stability (how much you can control it)
what is learned helplessness ?
feelings experienced by an individual when he or she believes that failure is inevitable because of negative past experiences
what are some reasons for learned helplessness?
lack of success
negative feedback
what is known as general l/h ?
failure is inevitable in all sports
what is known as specific l/h?
will have fear of failure in some sports , but can be okay with others, so for example is okay with netball but not with rounders’
what are some strategies to avoid learned helplessness?
most effective: attribution retraining, highlight performance goal, use correct attributions
one to one attention
mental rehearsal
setting performance goals rather than outcome
what is known as attribution retraining?
the process at which a performer is taught to attribute failure to changeable , unstable factors rather than internal , stable factors e.g. saying a lose is down to poor umpiring and weather conditions rather than ability
what is locus of control?
how responsible you feel for your actions
internal/ personal control
external
a performer is likely to feel more responsible for a lose , if its down to internal features, but feel more pride if they win
what are the two types of control?
personal- areas of performance an individual can control e.g. effort and commitment to training
external- area of performance the individual has little control over e.g. ref and quality of opposition
what is controllability?
also effects moral judgement and reaction to other people e.g. a coach is more likely to award someone wh works hard regardless of outcome
why are attributions so important?
as it effect motivation levels, which I turn effects future performance, effort and participation e.g. if a beginner is told they failed due to lack of ability they may not want to continue , where as if they were told it was down to weather they are more likely to give it another go
