Confidence Flashcards
outline the concept of social facilitation
the influence of others on performance
what is the difference between social facilitation and social inhibition?
facilitation- positive
inhibition- negative
what is the definition of competitive co-actors?
those in direct competition with the performer e.g opponent
what is the definition of social reinforces?
those with direct influence on player e.g. coach
what is the definition of audience?
those waiting either as spectators at the event or at home via the media e.g. tv
what is known as co-actors ?
those performing the same task but not in direct competition e.g. team mate
what is the arousal theory that links with social facilitation?
drive theory
according to zajoncs theory what is the likely outcome of an audience on a novice and pro?
novice- negative , messing up etc
experienced- positive, well perfected dominant response
what is known as evaluation apprehension?
that not all performers are affected by the presence of others , only affected when they feel they are being evaluated
what are the factor that influence the effect on social facilitation on the performer?
personality type previous experience age and gender size of audience status of observer trait anxiety status of observer nature of audience and size knowledge ad proximity of audience
what is self-efficacy?
the confidence of an individual in a certain situation
what can self-efficacy effect?
choice of activity- if se is high athlete will p/s
amount of effort- high se will ensure high motivation and application
level of persistence- if se high althlete will be mor committed
what are the 4 aspects of self-efficacy according to bandura?
past performance
vicarious experience
verbal persuasion
emotional and physiological arousal
describe past performance?
a performer who experienced success and enjoyment is more likely to develop high levels of confidence
what is known as vicarious experience?
watching others achieving the task will make the performer feel cable too , especially if model is similar ability
what is verbal persuasion ?
a performer who receives encouragement about his or her ability and actions will feel more confident especially from significant others
what is described as emotional and physiological arousal?
a performer who is encouraged to perceive his or her arousal symptoms before participation in a positive way is likely to have more self-efficacy.
what are some ways to develop self efficacy?
experience early success observe demonstrations by others of similar ability set goals offer verbal +ve feedback avoid social comparisons with others use mental rehersal develop stress management techniques
how can a coach increase self-efficacy?
all strategies one to one attention attribution retraining highlight personal goals use correct attribution
what is known as the home advantage?
a team is more likely to win on home ground compared to away throughout history e.g. more medals are won by the host nation in the Olympics
what is some points for support of home advantage?
in usa, more matches are won at home compared to away
h/a is due to audience support
more fouls are committed by away team
Olympic hosts tend to win more medals than in games before or after
home teams tend to play more attacking styles within the rules
the closeness of the team will have more of an effect on away team than size
coach are more aware of this therefore try to create less pressure
what are points to support home disadvantage?
playing at home may hinder performance due to higher expectations
the greater the importance, the greater the negative effect on the team
higher personal expectations cause home players to think too much rather than just playing automatically (champions choke)
potentially more self-consciousness is created in home players
what are some methods to deal with social facilitation?
stress management mental rehearsals relaxation technique positive thinking selective attention to relevant cues concentration include spectators in practice situations progress gradually teach coping strategies
what does the baron distraction theory state?
proposes that’s athletes must put their full focus onto the demand of the environment, any distracts (e.g audience) will hinder performance
simple/ well rehearsed will have little effect
complex / new skill will have more effect
so to avoid this the performer should try to ignore the audience
what are some ways to combat social inhibition?
mental rehearsal
train in front of others and gradually increase numbers
improve selective attention
reduce the importance of the event
avoid social comparison
encourage teammates to be supportive
increase self-efficacy
teach in non- evaluative environment initially
stress management and relaxation techniques
ensure skills are over learned to encourage the dominant habit to occur as levels of arousal increase
