Confidence

Question 1

outline the concept of social facilitation

Answer 1

the influence of others on performance

Question 2

what is the difference between social facilitation and social inhibition?

Answer 2

facilitation- positive

inhibition- negative

Question 3

what is the definition of competitive co-actors?

Answer 3

those in direct competition with the performer e.g opponent

Question 4

what is the definition of social reinforces?

Answer 4

those with direct influence on player e.g. coach

Question 5

what is the definition of audience?

Answer 5

those waiting either as spectators at the event or at home via the media e.g. tv

Question 6

what is known as co-actors ?

Answer 6

those performing the same task but not in direct competition e.g. team mate

Question 7

what is the arousal theory that links with social facilitation?

Answer 7

drive theory

Question 8

according to zajoncs theory what is the likely outcome of an audience on a novice and pro?

Answer 8

novice- negative , messing up etc

experienced- positive, well perfected dominant response

Question 9

what is known as evaluation apprehension?

Answer 9

that not all performers are affected by the presence of others , only affected when they feel they are being evaluated

Question 10

what are the factor that influence the effect on social facilitation on the performer?

Answer 10

personality type 
previous experience 
age and gender 
size of audience 
status of observer 
trait anxiety 
status of observer 
nature of audience and size 
knowledge ad proximity of audience

Question 11

what is self-efficacy?

Answer 11

the confidence of an individual in a certain situation

Question 12

what can self-efficacy effect?

Answer 12

choice of activity- if se is high athlete will p/s
amount of effort- high se will ensure high motivation and application
level of persistence- if se high althlete will be mor committed

Question 13

what are the 4 aspects of self-efficacy according to bandura?

Answer 13

past performance
vicarious experience
verbal persuasion
emotional and physiological arousal

Question 14

describe past performance?

Answer 14

a performer who experienced success and enjoyment is more likely to develop high levels of confidence

Question 15

what is known as vicarious experience?

Answer 15

watching others achieving the task will make the performer feel cable too , especially if model is similar ability

Question 16

what is verbal persuasion ?

Answer 16

a performer who receives encouragement about his or her ability and actions will feel more confident especially from significant others

Question 17

what is described as emotional and physiological arousal?

Answer 17

a performer who is encouraged to perceive his or her arousal symptoms before participation in a positive way is likely to have more self-efficacy.

Question 18

what are some ways to develop self efficacy?

Answer 18

experience early success 
observe demonstrations by others of similar ability 
set goals 
offer verbal +ve feedback 
avoid social comparisons with others
use mental rehersal 
develop stress management techniques

Question 19

how can a coach increase self-efficacy?

Answer 19

all strategies 
one to one attention 
attribution retraining 
highlight personal goals
use correct attribution

Question 20

what is known as the home advantage?

Answer 20

a team is more likely to win on home ground compared to away throughout history e.g. more medals are won by the host nation in the Olympics

Question 21

what is some points for support of home advantage?

Answer 21

in usa, more matches are won at home compared to away
h/a is due to audience support
more fouls are committed by away team
Olympic hosts tend to win more medals than in games before or after
home teams tend to play more attacking styles within the rules
the closeness of the team will have more of an effect on away team than size
coach are more aware of this therefore try to create less pressure

Question 22

what are points to support home disadvantage?

Answer 22

playing at home may hinder performance due to higher expectations
the greater the importance, the greater the negative effect on the team
higher personal expectations cause home players to think too much rather than just playing automatically (champions choke)
potentially more self-consciousness is created in home players

Question 23

what are some methods to deal with social facilitation?

Answer 23

stress management 
mental rehearsals
relaxation technique 
positive thinking
selective attention to relevant cues  
concentration 
include spectators in practice situations 
progress gradually 
teach coping strategies

Question 24

what does the baron distraction theory state?

Answer 24

proposes that’s athletes must put their full focus onto the demand of the environment, any distracts (e.g audience) will hinder performance
simple/ well rehearsed will have little effect
complex / new skill will have more effect
so to avoid this the performer should try to ignore the audience

Question 25

what are some ways to combat social inhibition?

Answer 25

mental rehearsal
train in front of others and gradually increase numbers
improve selective attention
reduce the importance of the event
avoid social comparison
encourage teammates to be supportive
increase self-efficacy
teach in non- evaluative environment initially
stress management and relaxation techniques
ensure skills are over learned to encourage the dominant habit to occur as levels of arousal increase