Personality Flashcards
what is the definition of personality?
the unique sum of the individuals characteristics which make him/ her unique
what are a few examples of sports characteristics?
courage optimism intelligence determination motivated
what are the three personality theories?
trait
social learning
internationalist
what does the trait approach describe our personality as ?
personality is innate and is an enduring trait that can influence behaviour in all situation
What does the trait theory say?
Trait-personality traits are seen as Generalisable and behaviour can be predicted in many ways
What does esyenck say?
That personality falls into 4 common traits - extrovert, introvert, stable and neurotic
What two theories support trait theory?
Esyenck
Cantel
What theory supports social learning theory?
Bandura
What theorists support interactionalists theories?
Lewin hollander
What does castellated suggest?
That there are 16 personality factors, he believed there was more to personality than 2 dimensions, he suggested 16 categories into which personality could be profiled
Who suggested there was a dimension of personality?
Esyencks
Who said that personality had 16 factors?
Cattell
What does the social learning perspective say?
Believes a person’s personality changes with situation and environment (behaviours of others) influence behaviour
We often observe and imitate others-but only others of significant to us or whose behaviour is reinforced
What do internationalist say?
Born with certain personality characteristics, but some are modified by interacting with the environment
Agrees we do have certain traits which appear consistently, but on many occasions our traits interact with environmental factors in a given situation
What did lewin suggest?
B=F(PE)
What does each letter stand for in lewin?
B=behaviour
F=function
P=personality
E=environment
What does this formula demonstrate?
Interaction between personality and the situation determines behaviour
What does hollander suggest?
We have a 3 layer structure to personality
Role related behaviour
Typical response
Deep psychological core
What is your deep psychological core?
Inner core of personality, described as the real you, it comprises with your beliefs, values, attitudes and self worth all of which are relatively permanent, tend to be resistant to change
What is your typical response layer?
This layer represents our usual response to a situation (often learned) such responses can be a good indicator of the core
What is our role related behaviour?
Refers to our behaviour at anytime depending on circumstances, most changeable, our behaviour is altered by the situation and sometimes may appear out of character and not a true reflection of our core
What are criticisms of the trait theory?
Too simplistic
They do not account for personality changing over time,environmental or situational factors
They fail to allow for individuals actively shaping and understanding their personality
They are not an accurate predictor of sporting success
What ways can you test personality?
Poms (profile of mood states)
What do to athletesscorr highly on?
Vigor-
How is the iceberg profile useful?
Personality of performer can change from moment to moment, moods can fluctuate
Good for identifying stressed athletes
More useful to identify successful athletes
Who developed poms?
MC Nairobi
What did MC Nairobi state as the 6 mood states?
Tension Depression Anger Vigour Fatigue Confusion
What is success proportional to?
Vigor score
What three ways can we test personality?
Interview s
Questionnaires
Observations
What interviews can we use?
Verbal psychometric test
Inkblot
What questionnaires can we use?
Cattells scat
Esyencks personality inventory
What are the limitations of personality testing?
Contradictory /inappropriate questions
Researcher bias
Subject lies
Lab conditions not realistic / need real situations
