Sport And Society ✅ Flashcards
Give a description of upper class and examples of sports they played in pre industrial Britain
Aristocracy or gentry who were hereditary landowners
Real tennis, fox hunting
Give a description and example of lower class people on pre industrial Britain
Peasants who worked manually, mainly on the land
Mob football, dog fighting, prize fighting
Simple activities and violence
How did gender influence participation in pre industrial Britain
Upper and lower: women participated in very different activities, women seen as weaker sex, activities women participated in errr not too strenuous or dangerous
Upper: archery
Lower: during county fairs, allowed to take part in smock races
How did law and order in pre industrial Britain affect participation
Upper and lower: little law and order, reflected in activities undertaken
Lower: involved in bare knuckle fighting or animal baiting, lack of order and animal cruelty- games like mob football had few rules showing lack of law and order in society
How did education and literacy affect participantion in pre industrial Britain
Upper: educated and literate, could read and write and understand written rules and sophisticated activities eg real tennis
Lower: uneducated and illiterate, could understand simple activities with few rules eg mob football
How did availability of time affect participation in pre industrial Britain
Upper: had more time and could be involved in longer lasting activities eg fox hunting
Lower: worked long exhausting hours had little time or energy for physical activities, few activities participated in were confined to festivals or holiday days
How did availability of money affect participation in pre industrial Britain
Upper: had more money therefore more opportunities to be involved in physical activities of their choice, could afford horses clothing equipment etc, had access to specialized facilities eg real tennis court
Lower: no spare money to spend on physical activities
How did type of transport affect participation in pre industrial Britain
Upper and lower: activities were local, transport generally by horse and cart or walking
Upper: more opportunity to travel further by horse and carriage but limited by roads, could get to facilities like real tennis courts
Lower: people prevented from leaving village by poor roads
How did social class in post industrial Britain affect sports
Middle class now a thing
Middle class included professionals, factory owners and managers
Many members of middle class went to public school
What was the difference in sports between amateurs and professionals
Amateurs were not paid, status suited upper and middle classes
Cricket: amateurs and professionals played in same team but was social distinction eg lower class bowled and clean kit
Soccer and rugby: lower class paid to miss a days work to play, tensions lead to splitting rugby into 2
How did gender and changing status of women affect sport in post industrial Britain
Early 19th century:Women expected to marry have children and be financially dependent on husband and education pointless
Schooling for girls initially limited, allowed to become teachers
Late 19th century: due to high mortality rate and serving in army suppressed assumption women had to marry
Effort formed part of a wider movement of campaigns for women rights
Had encouraging effect on women to be more involved in sports
How did education and literacy affect sports in post industrial Britain
Majority of working class had little interest in education due to perceived as irrelevance
Child labor still common
Education become free and more accessible to working classes allowing them to understand more sophisticated sports
How did availability of time and money affect sports in post industrial Britain
Increase in leisure time after mid 19th century allowed sport do develop
Working class found participation difficult due to lack of disposable income
Growth of factories meant longer and harder working hours (72hours a week)
Introduction of Saturday half days allowed more time for sport and leisure
Living conditions remained poor
Factory owners recognized happy healthy workforce being more productive
1965 working week 40-45 hours
How did type of transport affect sport in post industrial Britain
Railways important in development of sea side resorts and in sports allowed fixtures to be played around country
How did the influence of public schools promote and organize sports
Beginning 19th century: sport unorganized, bullying and exploitation of younger boys were common
Middle 19th century: changing ethos of public schools, sport become important of education in upper/ middle classes boys
how did the promotion of ethics through sport affect sport
Thomas Arnold (head teacher at Rugby school) wanted pupils to grow up as Christian gentlemen, revised fagging system and promoted regulated sports
Developed house system influencing formation of competitive teams
What is the cult of athleticism
Ideas of muscular Christianity linked sport with being Christian gentlemen, establishing link between sports and games and a moral and ethical character
Development of character through sport
How did the spread and export of games affect sport in post industrial Britain
By 1845 pupils at Rugby wrote down rules of football and their school, pupils took games to university’s but played different versions
1863: FA formed to decide rules
How did class affect 20th century sport in Britain
The pub was center of (amateur) sporting activity for working class men
In horse racing and boxing, middle and upper class put up the money and lower class took part
In team sports such as cricket, working class and middle class would complete side by side
Working class men had less free time for sport then middle and upper classes
Sport played important part in troop morale during WW1, aftermath of war spectator sport gained popularity
Crowds mostly well behaved
Unemployed and unskilled workers could not afford to spectate
How did gender affect 20th century sport in Britain
Participation of women in physical recreation had dropped dramatically in 1900
Crowds at professional football and rugby league games became male dominated, showing a shared sense of community and class
Professional sport was mainly watched by male skill workers, only a few women and middle class spectators
Working class women were excluded from professional spot by the constraints of time and money
