Energy For Exercise

Question 1

What is ATP made from

Answer 1

One adenosine and 3 phosphate groups held together by chemical energy

Question 2

How is energy created from ATP, what is the enzyme used

Answer 2

Energy stored in bind between last 2 phosphate groups, when bond broken down by enzyme ATPase, energy is released that can be used to make muscle cell contract

Question 3

What is the equation for breakdown of ATP

Answer 3

ATP——> ADP + P + energy

Question 4

What is the equation for resynthesis of ATP

Answer 4

ADP + P + energy ——-> ATP

Question 5

Describe the ATP/PC system:
type of reaction
Chemical or food used:
Site of reaction:
Controlling enzyme:
Energy yield:
Specific stages of system:
Energy equation:

Answer 5

Type Of reaction: anaerobic
Chemical or food used: Phosphocreatine
Site of reaction: sacroplasm
Controlling enzyme: creatine kinase
Energy yield: 1 mol of ATP
Specific stage: PC—-> P+C+ energy (exothermic), energy+ADP+P—->ATP(endothermic)
Energy equation: PC—-> P+C+energy
Energy+ADP+P—>ATP

Question 6

Descibe the Glycolytic system:
type of reaction
Chemical or food used:
Site of reaction:
Controlling enzyme:
Energy yield:
Specific stages of system:
Energy equation:

Answer 6

Type of reaction: anaerobic
Chemical/food use: Glycogen/ glucose
Site of reaction: Sacroplasm
Controlling enzyme: Glycogen Phosphorylase (GPP), phosphofructokinase (PFK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Energy yield: 2 moles of ATP
Specific stage of system: Glucose undergoes anaerobic glycolysis, Pyruvic acid/without O2—> lactic acid
Energy equation: C6H12O6—-> 2C3H6O6

Question 7

Describe the Aerobic system:
type of reaction
Chemical or food used:
Site of reaction:
Controlling enzyme:
Energy yield:
Specific stages of system:
Energy equation:

Answer 7

Type of reaction: Aerobic
Chemical/ food fuel used: Glycogen/glucose or fat
Site of reaction: Stage 1=sacroplasm,stage 2= krebs cycle-matrix, stage 3=Cristae
Controlling enzyme: Phophofructokinase, Acetyl CoA
Energy yield: 38 moles of ATP
Specific stages: aerobic glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Energy equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2—> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 8

Describe the ATP/PC system:
By products formed:
Intensity of activity:
Duration of system:
Strengths:
Weaknesses:

Answer 8

By products: none
Intensity of activity: very high
Duration: 2-10 seconds
Strengths: no delay of O2, PC readily available in muscle cell, simple and rapid breakdown of PC, provide energy quickly, no fatiguing by-products
Weaknessses: Low ATP yield and small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue after 8-10seconds

Question 9

Describe Glycolytic system:

By products formed:
Intensity of activity:
Duration of system:
Strengths:
Weaknesses:

Answer 9

By-products: lactic acid

Intensity of activity: high intensity

Duration: up to 3 mins

Strengths: no delay for O2, large fuel stores in Liver, provides energy for high intensity activities for up to 3 mins, lactic acid can be recycled into fuel for further energy production

Weaknesses: fatiguing by-product lactic acid reduces pH and enzyme activity, relatively low ATP yield and recovery can be lengthy

Question 10

Describe the Aerobic system:

By products formed:
Intensity of activity:
Duration of system:
Strengths:
Weaknesses:

Answer 10

By-product: CO2+H2O

Intensity: low-moderate/submax

Duration: 3 mins onwards

Strengths: large fuels: triglycerides free fatty acids glycogen and glucose, high ATP yield and long duration of energy production, no fatiguing by-products

Weaknesses: delay for O2 delivery and complex series of reactions, slow energy production limits to submax intensity, FFAs demand 15% more O2 for breakdown

Question 11

What is intermittent exercise

Answer 11

Activity where intensity alternates, either during interval training between work and relief intervals or during a game with breaks of play and changes if intensity

Eg, rugby player

Question 12

Describe the % of anaerobic and % of aerobic during maximal exercise

Answer 12

10,30,60 (s), 2,4,10,30,60,120(M)
Anaerobic: 90,80,70, 50,35,15,5,2,1
Aerobic: 10,20,30. 50,65,85,95,98,99

Question 13

Describe the % energy supplied graph

Answer 13

0-10seconds: ATP-PC
10seconds-3 minutes: Lactic acid (peak at 1min)
3 min+: Aerobic

Question 14

How quickly do PC stores replenish

Answer 14

50% in 30 seconds, 100% in 3 minutes

Question 15

How quickly can Oxygen stored in myoglobin be replenished

Answer 15

100% In 3 mins

Question 16

At what value does OBLA start

Answer 16

Above 4mmol/L

Question 17

For untrained and trained atheletes when does OBLA occurs

Answer 17

Untrained: at about 50% VO2 max
Trained: at abour 85% VO2 max

Question 18

Why do trained athletes reach OBLA later

Answer 18

Increased ability to tolerate lactic acid and to remove waste products and supple oxygen to working muscles (buffering capacity)

Question 19

What does OBLA stand for

Answer 19

Onset of blood lactate accumulation

Question 20

What does EPOC stand for

Answer 20

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 21

Describe Fast alactacid component recovery process (PC stores and replenishment of blood in muscle oxygen)

Answer 21

PC stores: 30secs- 50%, 60secs-75%,120secs-100%

Replenishment of blood in muscle oxygen: within first minute, O2 resaturates the bloodstream, associating with haemoglobin, within 3 mins restoring oxymyoglobin link in muscle cells