Skeletal And Muscular System ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the axial skeleton

A

Vertebral column, rib cage, sternum, cranium

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2
Q

What is the structure and function of a ligament

A

Structure: a tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
Function: Connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

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3
Q

What is the structure and function of the synovial fluid

A

Structure: Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity
Function: reduces friction and nourishes articulate cartilage

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4
Q

What is the structure and function of the articulation cartilage

A

Structure: Smooth tissue that covers the surface of articulating bones
Function: absorbs shock and allows friction- free movement

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5
Q

What is the structure and function of the joint capsule

A

Structure: a fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
Function: encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid

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6
Q

What is the structure and function of the bursa

A

Structure: a closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
Function: reduces friction between tendons and bones

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7
Q

List the 3 planes of movement

A

Sagittal, frontal, transverse

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8
Q

What movements occur on a sagittal plane

A

Flexion, extension,dorsi-flexion, plantar flexion

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9
Q

What movements occur on a frontal plane

A

Abduction, addiction

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10
Q

What movements occur on a transverse plane

A

Horizontal extension, horizontal flexion, rotation

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11
Q

List the 3 joint types and give an example for each

A

Ball and socket (shoulder), hinge (elbow), Condyloid (wrist)

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12
Q

What are the plans of movements at a ball and socket join

A

Sagittal, frontal, transverse

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13
Q

What are the plane of movements of a hinge joint

A

Sagittal

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14
Q

What are the plane of movements of a condyloid joint

A

Sagittal and frontal

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15
Q

List the articulating bones of a shoulder joint

A

Numerous and scapula

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16
Q

List all of the agonist and antagonist muscle pairs for the shoulder joint across all the planes of movement

A

Sagittal (flexion): agonist=anterior deltoid, agonist=posterior deltoid

Frontal (addiction): agonist=latissimus dorsi, antagonist=middle deltoid

Transverse (horizontal flexion): agonist=pectoralis major, antagonist=posterior deltoid and teres minor

Transverse (medial rotation): agonist=teres major and subscapularis, antagonist=teres minor and infraspinatous

17
Q

List all of the agonist and antagonist muscles for the elbow joint

A

Flexion: agonist=biceps brachii, antagonist=triceps brachii

18
Q

List all of the agonist and antagonist muscles at the wrist joint

A

Flexion: agonist=wrist flexors, antagonist= wrist extensors

19
Q

List the articulating bones at the elbow joint

A

Humerus, radius, ulna

20
Q

List the articulating bones of the wrist joint

A

Radius, ulna, carpals

21
Q

List the articulating bones at the hip joint

A

Pelvic girdle, femur

22
Q

List the agonist and antagonist muscles at the hip

A

Flexion: agonist=iliopsoas, antagonist=gluteus Maximus

Adduction: agonist=adductor groups (brevis, longus, magnus adductors), antagonist=gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Medial rotation: agonist=gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, antagonist=gluteus Maximus

23
Q

List the articulating bones at the knee joint

A

Femur, tibia

24
Q

List the agonist and antagonist muscles at knee

A

Flexion: agonist=hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus), antagonist=quadriceps group

25
What is the articulating bones at the ankle
Tibia, fibula, talus
26
List the agonist and antagonist muscles for the ankle
Dorsi Flexion: agonist=tibialis anterior, antagonist=gastrocnemius and Soleus
27
What is isotonic contraction
Maintain constant tension in the muscles as they change length
28
What is concentric contraction
Muscles shortens to produce tension
29
What is eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthens to produce tension
30
What is isometric contraction
Muscle contracts but does not change length and no movement is created
31
Summarize the role of a motor unit
1. Nerve impulse initiated in the motor neuron cell body 2. Nerve impulse conducted down the axon of the motor neuron by a nerve action potential to the synaptic cleft 3. Neurotransmitter called acetylcholine is secreted into the synaptic cleft to conduct the nerve impulse across the gap 4. If the electrical charge is above threshold, the muscle fiber with contract
32
Structure and function of fast oxidative glycolitic muscle fibres
Structure Neuron size: large Fibres per neuron: many Capillary density: high Mitochondria and myoglobin density: moderate Phosphocreatine store: high Function Speed of contraction: fast Force of contraction: high Fatigue resistance, aerobic and anaerobic capacity: moderate
33
Structure and function of fast glycolytic muscle Fibres
Structure Neuron size: large Fibres per neuron: many Capillary density, mitochondria density, myoglobin density: low Phosphocreatine store: high Function Speed of contraction: fast Force of contraction: High Fatigue resistance, aerobic capacity: low Anaerobic capacity: high as
34
Give sporting example of when fast oxidative glycolytic muscle Fibres are used
800-1500m, 200m freestyle