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Pe > Injury Prevention And The Rehabilitation Of Injury > Flashcards

Injury Prevention And The Rehabilitation Of Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acute injury

A

A sudden injury associated with a traumatic event

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of fractures

A

Signs: deformity, swelling, discoloration

Symptoms: pain, inability to move injured areas

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3
Q

What are the different types of fractures

A

Greenstick- splinting

Transverse- directly straight acorss the bone

Oblique- diagonal straight line

Spiral- twisting

Comminuted- splitting into pieces

Impacted- each end of bone comes towards each other

Avulsion- tendon pulls bit of bone away

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4
Q

Describe dislocation, hard or soft tissue etc

A

Hard tissue

Occurs from a direct force (collision or object) or an indirect force (a fall) pushing the joint past its extreme range of motion

The displacement of one bone from another out of their original position

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5
Q

Describe a subluxation

A

Often causes damage to ligaments and increased the likelihood of recurrent dislocations, may compromise an atheletes career

An incomplete or partial dislocation

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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a dislocation

A

Signs: deformity, swelling and discoloration

Symptoms: may feel a ‘pop’, servere pain, loss of movement

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7
Q

Describe a contusion

A

Soft tissue

(A bruise) is an area of skin or tissue where the blood vessels have become damaged. Most contusions are minor; however severe contusion can cause deep tissue damage and a haematoma

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8
Q

Describe a haematoma

A

Localized congealed bleeding from ruptured blood vessels

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a contusion and haematoma

A

Signs: swelling and discoloration

Symptoms: pain (at touch in minor cases)

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10
Q

Describe a sprain

A

Soft tissue

Overstretch or tear in the ligament that connects bone to bone

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of sprains

A

Signs: swelling, bruising

Symptoms: inability to bear weight, pain

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12
Q

Describe a strain

A

Soft tissue

Overstretch or tear in the muscle or tendon that connects muscle to bone EG lunging to return a drop shot in badminton

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13
Q

Describe a rupture

A

A complete tear of muscle, tendon or ligament

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of strains

A

Signs: swelling/ discoloration, bruising

Symptoms: pain on movement

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15
Q

Describe an abrasion injury

A

Caused by falling or slipping, or by clothing rubbing in the body

If abrasion causes an open wound, it will need to be cleaned; severe abrasions may need stitching

Most sports have blood rules; players must leave the game until bleeding stopped or covered

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16
Q

Describe blisters

A

Blisters occur due to friction on the skin, they can be painful but may not stop participation. They are preventable with correct footwear, equipment and training load

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17
Q

How does a concussion occur, what can it result in

A

Occurs after a trauma to the head

Results in:
Headaches, dizziness, balance problems, nausea, loss of consciousness

A blow to the head can cause swelling and possibly a disruption in the electrical processes of brain

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18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a concussion

A

Signs:
Lying motionless/slow to get up
Possible post-traumatic seizure
Loss of consciousness
Balance problems
Disorientation/confusion

Symptoms:
Lying motionless/slow to get up
Headache/dizziness
Visual problems/light sensitivity
Nausea/vomiting

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19
Q

Define an abrasion

A

Superficial damage to skin caused by scraping against a surface

20
Q

Define a blister

A

Desperation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms, caused by friction

21
Q

Define a concussion

A

A traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function

22
Q

Define a chronic injury

A

A slowly developed injury associated with overuse

23
Q

Describe and define stress fracture

A

A tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse

Hard tissue, chronic injury- common in distance running events, tennis, gymnastics and basketball, where repetitive stress of the foot on the ground dan cause a trauma

Overtraining can cause stress fractures
Pain will usually stop with rest

24
Q

Describe and define shin splints

A

Chronic shin pain due to the inflammation of muscles and stress of muscles and stress on the tendon attachments to the surface of the tibia

Soft tissue chronic injury-Caused by excessive use of tendons connecting the muscles to the tibia

Surface of the tibia becomes inflamed, leading to pain in a specific area of the bone

Common in distance runners, dancers and football players

Being overweight, wearing inadequate footwear or poor leg biomechanics can be a cause of

25
Q

Describe and define tendinosis

A

The deterioration of a tendon in response to a chronic overuse and repetitive strain

Repetitive strain causes small injuries that are not given time to heal.

Can result in chronic injury, eg tennis elbow and Achilles tendinosis

Signs: limited movement/stiffness
Symptoms: burning/stinging/aching

26
Q

What is an intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for injury

A

Intrinsic: an injury risk or force from inside the body

Extrinsic: an injury risk or force from outside the body

27
Q

What are intrinsic risk factors of injury

A

Previous injury
Posture and alignment issues
Age
Nutrition
Poor preparation
Inadequate fitness level
Inappropriate flexibility level

28
Q

What are the extrinsic risk factors of injury

A

Poor technique and training

Incorrect equipment and clothing

Inappropriate intensity, duration or frequency of activity

Warm up and cool down effectiveness

29
Q

What are warm ups used for

A

Raising body temp- rise of 2-3 degrees increases enzyme activity, diffusion gradients and metabolic activity, improving efficiency of muscular contraction

Preparing body physiologically- elasticity of muscles, tendons and ligaments improves, and antagonistic co-ordination improves

Preparing body psychologically-mentally, performers are ready for task ahead of

Minimizing risk of injury

30
Q

What are key features of a warm up

A

Has 3 stages:
Pulse raising
Stretching and mobility
Sport specific drills

Gradually increases intensity

It lasts 20-45 mins

Stretching and mobility should be dynamic in sport-specific patterns, static stretching should be avoided

31
Q

What are cool downs used for

A

Maintaining heart rate- to maintain blood flow and metabolic activity, flushing muscle tissue with oxygenated blood

Siding removal of lactic acid- enhancing future performances and delaying fatigue and injuries

Aiding the healing process

32
Q

What are the key features of a cool down

A

Has 2 stages:
Moderate-intensity, to maintain HR, aid venous return and remove waste
Stretching exercise to reduce muscle tension and lower temperature

Gradually decreases intensity
It lasts approximately 20-30 minutes

33
Q

What are the debates about static stretching in a warm up

A

Research suggests that static stretching:

Has no effect on injury prevention

May reduce peak force produced in Achilles tendon by 8%

Causes antagonistic co-ordination to
deteriorate, hampering explosive movement

Reduces eccentric strength by 9%, decreasing ability to change direction at speed

Reduces muscles ability to consume O2 by 50%

So dynamic stretching should be used instead of

34
Q

What are the debates about a cool down

A

An active cool down has thought to benefit all atheletes, however during low intensity activity’s eg jogging for an aerobically fit athlete, a passive recovery has been shown to be more beneficial

There is little evidence to suggest an active cool down can prevent or limits DOMS

35
Q

What does SALTAPS STAND FOR

A

Stop- stop the fane and observe the injury

Ask- ask questions if player: how did injury happen? where does it hurt?

Look- at injury site, check for swelling, bruising, deformity, lumps and bumps, heat

Touch- at injury site check, check for swelling, derformity, lumps and bumps, heat

Active movement: ask for active movements from participants

Passive movement: assessor moves injured limb/body part

Strength testing: ask player to stand, lift and put pressure on injured area. Ask them if they continue

36
Q

What is SALTAPS and PRICE

A

SALTAPS: protocol for assessment of a sporting injury, stop,ask,look,touch,active movement, passive movement,strength testing

PRICE: protocol treatment of acute injuries, protect,rest,ice,compress, elevate

37
Q

What does PRICE stand for

A

Protect- protect injury from further damage eg splint

Rest- rest injury for 2-3 days, crutches etc then gradually increase movement so don’t lose muscle mass

Ice- ice area with cold compress, helps reduce swelling and bruising,15-20mins every 2-3 hours, don’t apply ice directly to skin

Compress- compress injured area eg tubular bandage to limit swelling and movement

Elevate- elevate injury by resting it above level of heart and keep it supported

38
Q

What are the 6 R’s used for concussions

A

Recognize - learn signs and symptoms to identify a suspected concussion

Remove- remove from play

Refer- refer to qualified healthcare professional

Rest- athlete rest from exercise

Recover- must be fully recovered and symptom free before returning to play

Return- symptom free and cleared in writing by qualified healthcare professional

39
Q

What are the 3 stages of rehabilitation

A
  1. Early stage: gentle exercise encouraging damaged tissue to heal
  2. Mid stage: progressive loading of connective tissues and bones to develop strength
  3. Late stage: functional exercises and drills to ensure body is ready to return to training
40
Q

What is NSAIDs

A

Non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs: medication taken to reduce inflammation, temperature and pain following an injury

41
Q

What are the treatments for a simple fracture

A

Medical attention as soon as possible

PRICE

Immobilization (plaster cast, sling, crutches)

Anti-inflammatory and pain medication

Severe fractures may require surgery to realign bones or fix pins and wires

Physiotherapy may be needed

42
Q

How to treat a stress fracture

A

Medical attention required for diagnosis and advice

PRICE

Rest for 2 weeks, avoid activity for 8 weeks

Immobilization may be needed

Gentle return to exercise

Strengthening exercises for surrounding connective tissue

43
Q

Treatment for a sprain

A

Medical attention may be required in severe cases

PRICE

Immobilization or support using strapping, a brace, crutches

Anti inflammatory and pain medication

Exercise to strengthen surrounding connective tissue and improve mobility and balance

Severe sprains may need reconstructive surgery

Heat therapy and contrast therapy can be used for pain relief

44
Q

Treatment for a torn cartilage

A

Medical attention

PRICE

Support using strapping, a brace

Anti inflammatory and pain medication

Physiotherapy to strengthen surrounding connective tissue and restore range of motion

Hydrotherapy to maintain fitness without weight bearing

Arthroscopy surgery can be used to reshape and resurface torn cartilage

45
Q

Treatment for exercise-induced muscle damage

A

Most cases medical attention not required and symptoms should improve in 5 days

Cold therapy such as ice baths post exercise

Massage therapy and stretching techniques

Anti-inflammatory and pain medication

Medical attention maybe needed if heavy swelling or dark urine

Pe (9 decks)

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