Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABD > Spleen > Flashcards

Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

The spleen is _____ organ located in the ___ _____ quadrant between the _____ and ______.

A

peritoneal
left upper
stomach and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Basic function of the spleen.

A

remove blood cells from circulation

  • largest lymphoid organ, filters damaged cells, mircorganisims, and particulate matter
  • and delivers antigens to the immune system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What designates splenomegaly

A

> 12-13cm sup/inf diameter

if spleen is inferior to the lower pole of the LT kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In the case of hepatomegaly or pregnancy what might be visualized?

A

left lobe may extend anterior to the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is located on the visceral/medial surface of the spleen?

A

STO
Left kidney
pancreas
splenic flexure of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The fundus of the ____, lesser sac and pancreatic ____ are medial and _____ to the splenic hilum.

A

stomach
tail
anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The tail of the pancreas is located ____ to the stomach and lesser sac as it approaches the splenic hilum.

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The left kidney lies _____ and _____ to the spleen.

A

inferior and medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The pancreatic tail is located ____ to the upper pole of the left kidney in the splenic hilum.

A

anterior (ventral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F - splenic artery should be tortuous

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Accessory spleen

A

aka splenunculi, is normal congenital ectopic splenic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What could be confused with a splenunculi?

A

enlarged lymphnodes around the spleen or a mass in the tail of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Accessory spleens are small rounded masses, less than ____cm in diameter and located near the ____ ____.

A

5cm

splenic hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Granulomas

A

splenic calcifications, focal lesions resulting from prevous infection
-also found in the liver and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most comon cause of granulomas

A

histoplasmosis

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sono appearance of granulomas

A

focal bright echogenic lesions, with or without shadowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Splenic calcs can be associated with:

A

splenic artery wall calc
splenic artery aneurysms calcs
oneumocystis carini infection
splenic infarcts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cystic lesions may be found in the spleen:

A

ADPKD
hydatid - usually liver
epidermoid cysts (true cysts lined with squamous epithelium)
Liquified infarcts or hematomas
Pancreatic Pseudocysts (can erode into the spleen and weaken vessels, causing PAs and bleeding into the pseudocyst)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sonographic findings of a splenic epidermoid cyst

A

typically solitary
10cm
may be calcified and the internal contents appera echogenic

20
Q

Most common benign primary neoplasm of the spleen?

A

hemangiomas

-primary neoplasms are rare

21
Q

METS to the spleen are _____. What 3 primaries in order?

A

uncommon

malignant melanoma, breast, lung

22
Q

Appearance of METS to the spleen

A

commonly hypoechoic but varies

23
Q

What kind of patients do splenic infarcts occur in?

A

common in patients with endocarditis and splenic artery aneurysms

24
Q

Sonographic appearance of splenic infarcts

A

generally present as a peripheral wedge-shaped hypoechoic lesion
it changes with the stages of blood coagulation….
-Initially, ischemia and edema appear as hypoechoic wedge of tissue
-With necrosis and liquification the area will appear anechoic and ultimately will calcify

25
Q

What are splenic abscesses the result of?

A

sepsis due to endocarditis,
dental infections,
urosepsis

26
Q

Sonographic appearance of splenic abscesses

A

complex cystic lesions

presence of gas may produce echogenic foci with an associated reverberation (comet-tail) artifact

27
Q

Sickle cell disease is due to a mutant hemoglobin S resulting in sickling of RBCs and teh complications of this include (7)

A 
anemia - dec RBCs, hemoglobin
infection - dec immunity
acute chest syndrome - dec O2
pain - vascular occlusion and ischemia
stroke - TCD monitoring
cholecystitis - due to chronic hemolysis
pulmonary HTN
28
Q

What happens to the spleen as a result of sickle cell disease?

A
  • enlarges at the end of first year of life
  • remains enlarged due to splenic sequestration (pooling of sickled cells) and repeated infarction
  • over time, spleen becomes fibrotic and shrinks (autosplenectomy), typically before the end of childhood
29
Q

Mechanisms leading to splenomegaly (6)

A
  • Conjestive* (cirrhosis - portal HTN, SV thrombosis)
  • Immune response hypertrophy (bacterial endocarditis, infectious mononucleosis)
  • RBC destruction hypertrophy (hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia major)
  • Myeloproliferative (chronic myeloid metaplasia)
  • Infiltrative (sarcoidosis)
  • Neoplastic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma)
30
Q

When the spleen enlarges, what direction does it go in?

A

extends anterior, medial, and inferior

31
Q

blood disorder resulting in uncontrolled RBC production causing hyperviscosity and hypercoagulation

A

Polycythemia Vera

32
Q

Polycythemia Vera may be the result of(4)

A

splenomegaly
budd-chiari syndrome
portal vein thrombosis
splenic infarcts

33
Q

How does a splenic artery aneurysm present on xray

A

calcified circle in the LUQ

34
Q

Sonographic appearance of a splenic artery aneurysm

A

May appear as a cystic mass or if calcified, a hyperechoic shadowing foci typically in the area of the splenic hilum

35
Q

Heterotaxy is due to early embryological disturbances that occur prior to the _____ week of gestation.

A

6th

36
Q

Classifications of heterotaxy

A
  • complete/situs inversus
  • partial/incomplete situs inversus-limited number of organs are inversed or situs ambiguous (when a normally lateral organ is centrally located)
  • polysplenia
  • asplenia
37
Q

Polysplenia is _____-sided predominance and is associated with what abnormalities (6)

A 
left
Multiple LUQ spleens
biliary atresia/absent GB
intestional malrotation
azygous continuation of interrupted IVC
renal agenesis
cardiac defects
38
Q

Asplenia is ____-sided predominance and is assoicated with what abnormalities (6)

A 
right
absent spleen
ML liver and GB
intetsional malrotation
horseshoe kidney
reversed positions of the Ao and IVC
severe cardiac defects
39
Q

With splenic trauma, what can result if the splenic capsule remains intact

A

subscapular or intraparenchymal hematomas

40
Q

With spelnic trauma, what can result if the splenic capsule ruptures

A

perisplenic or intraperitoneal hematomas

-fluid tends to be loculated around the spleen but may spread within teh peritoneal cavity

41
Q

FAST looks at which areas

A

peritoneum
pleural space
pericardium
-hemopericardium and hemothorax

42
Q

Ultrasound appearance of intraperitoneal blood depnds on the ____, _____ and ____ state of the clot.

A

age, amount, physical state
timing of blood coagulation is not fully understood and acute bleeds may have various appearances
-most assume the hemoperitoneum will appear anechoic, although, could see irregularly marginated echogenic mass that may mimic that of an enlarged spleen

43
Q

_______ is the volume of RBCs found in 100ml of blood. Blood spillage outside the circulatory system will result in a _____ _______.

A

hematocrit

decreased hematocrit

44
Q

Posttraumatic splenosis

A

In a patient with hx of splenic rupture or surgery, splenic cells may implant throughout the peritoneal cavity resulting in an ectopic spleen
-often asymptomatic and may mimic otehr pathologies

45
Q

Thymus

A

lymphatic organ
plays a vital role in the development of immune system during childhood
disproportionately larger in infants
as children grow, the thymu undergoes physiologic involution

ABD (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions