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ABD > MISC > Flashcards

MISC Flashcards

1
Q

If there is gas within an abscess what kind of artifact may be present?

A

reverberation (comet-tail) artifact

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2
Q

Most reliable finding in patients with abscesses

A

presence of fever

increased WBC

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3
Q

The sonographic apperance of an abscess can be variable but typically is

A

complex mass, cystic and solid with possible debris, septations, and gas seen within

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4
Q

Depending on the sytic component of an abscess they typically demonstrate

A

posterior enhancement

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5
Q

How is the distinction made between a hematoma and an abscess is there is no air present in the abscess?

A

percutaneous aspiration

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6
Q

Biloma

A

extrahepatic collections of extravasated bile

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7
Q

Bilomas are most commonly assoicated with ____ _____ but can also be found with _____ ______ and _____ ______

A

biliary surgery
abdominal trauma
GB disease

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8
Q

Predominant cytsic mass located in the RUQ

A

biloma

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9
Q

What are lymphoceles complications of

A 
renal tx
gyn surgery
vascular surgery
urological surgery
-caused by leakage of lymph from a renal allograft or by a surgical disruption of the lymphatic channels
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10
Q

DDx of a lymphocele includes any fluid collection such as

A 
loculated ascites
urinoma
hematoma
abscess
-internal echoes within the collection is more consistent with an abscess or hematoma than a lymphocele
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11
Q

Urinomas are most commonly associated with

A

renal tx
posterior uretheral valve obstruction
(renal trauma/surgery or oustide obstruction )

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12
Q

____ is a collection of urine which is located outside the of the kidneys, bladder/urinary tract

A

urinoma

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13
Q

How soon after a renal tx can a urinoma developm

A

directly after due to an anastomotic leak of the ureter

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14
Q

The sonograhic appearance of a urinoma is similar to a

A

lymphocele

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15
Q

Lymphoma encompasses two types of neoplasms, which are

A

non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

Hodgkin’s disease

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16
Q

lymphoma is the abonormal proliferation of mature lymphocyte population. The most common subtype is the

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

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17
Q

Lymphoma is clinically assoicated with what viral infections

A 
Epstein-Barr virus
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
HIV
Hep C
HSV
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18
Q

classic sonographic signs of lymphoma

A

sandwhich or mantle sign is teh sign of perivessel lymphoma

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19
Q

Where does lymphatous nodules typically collect in lymphoma

A

typically cluster anterior and posterior to linear structures such as the Ao, IVC, SMA

20
Q

Lymphoma is noted to displace the IVC and SMA ____.

A

anteriorly

-finding can be clinically important as it is found more frequently with non-hodgkin’s

21
Q

Symptoms associated with lymphoma

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss

22
Q

Ascites is the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Two mechanisms that produce ascites are

A

low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss)

high portal venous pressure

23
Q

Casues of asciets include

A

cirrhosis
renal failure
congetsive heart failure
cancer (malignant ascites)

24
Q

Most common cause of ascites

A

cirrhosis

25
Q

Hypoalbuminemia (low protein) can be the result of

A

liver failure
nephrotic syndrome
malnutrition

26
Q

Ascites is commonly found at

A

the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver
Morison’s pouch
pelvic cul de sac
paracolic gutters

27
Q

T/F - GB thickening is seen with ascites

A

T

28
Q

Malignancy characterized by the progressive accumulation of mucus-secreting tumor cells within the peritoneum. Most commonly associated with the appednix. Bowel loops are seen matted to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Pseudomyxoma pertonei

29
Q

Abdominal paras have to be careful to avoid the ______ vessels bilateral on the mammary line. Puncturing laterally to the mammary line is common.

A

epigastric

30
Q

For paras, lidocaine is used to anesthitize the area dow to the _____ ______ and for a therapeutic para, a ____ guage cannula is used to vacuum aspirate from teh peritoneal cavity

A

parietal peritoneum

14-guage

31
Q

Pleural effusions are an accumulation of fluid in the ______ space and are often _________.

A

pleural

asymptomatic, although they can produce dyspnea and peluritic chest pain

32
Q

Pleural effusions are classified as _____ or _______ based on Light’s criteria which compares pleural fluid and blood chemistries (protein, LDH)

A

transudates

exudates

33
Q

Transudative effusions are caused by

A

increased hydrostatic pressure and decreased plasma oncotic pressure (pressure infiltration)

34
Q

In trasudative effusions, what causes the pressure infiltration

A 
heart failure (most common)
liver failure (cirrhosis)
renal failure (nephrotic syndrome)
35
Q

Exudative effusions are caused by

A

increased capillary permability (inflammation)

36
Q

In exudative effusions, the inflammation is due to

A

pneumonia
cancer
pulmonary embolism

37
Q

Lab analysis for thorax includes

A 
total protein
LDH
cell count and diff
gram stain
aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures
cytology
38
Q

How is a pneumothorax identified

A

abscence of gliding of the parietal and visceral pleura and the presence of a comet tail artifact between these layers
patient in supine position, air can be located on the anterior medial location of the throax

39
Q

Throacentesis aspirates fluid from the pleural space of the chest, either for ______ purposes or to relieve ______. It is typically performed with the patient sitting at the edge of the bed leaning over a table with their spine rounded. It is also possible to perform with teh patient in the ____ _____ _____ position

A

diagnostic
dyspnea
LLD

40
Q

A dorsal intercostal space is selected superior to the diaphragm for a throa. ______ time should be checked before performing. The needle is inserted in the ____ aspect of the rib as vessels are located on the _____ aspect.

A

Bleeding time
superior
inferior

41
Q

In a throa, fluid is aspirated slowly, n ot to exceed _____ liters per day to avoid hypotension and pulmonary edema

A

1.5liter

42
Q

_____ occurs as the lung expands post thora becasue the visceral and parietal pleura rub together reuslting in pain

A

coughing

43
Q

_______ _______ is a collection of synovial fluid in the popliteal fossa and is commonly located on the _____ aspect of the fossa. They can also extend down into the _____

A

baker’s cyst
medial
calf muscles

44
Q

Causes of a BAker’s cyst

A

rheumatoid arthritis
osteoarthritis
overuse of the knees

45
Q

Nosocomial infections include

A

central line assoc bloodstream infections
catheter associated UTIs
ventilaer assoc pneumonia
surgical site infection

ABD (20 decks)

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