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ABD > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor Marker: AFP

A

HCC
germ cell tumors
testicular ca

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2
Q

Tumor marker: B2M

A

chronic lymphocystic leukemia
multiple myeloma
lymphoma

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3
Q

Tumor marker: CA 15-3, CA 27-29

A

breast ca

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4
Q

Tumor Marker CA125

A

ovarian ca
uterine ca
lung ca

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5
Q

Tumor Marker: CA 72-4

A

gastric ca
ovarian ca
colorectal ca

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6
Q

Tumor Marker: CA 19-9

A 
pancreatic ca
cholangiocarcinoma
GI ca
lung ca
colorectal ca
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7
Q

Tumor marker: Calcitonin

A

medullary thyroid ca

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8
Q

Tumor marker: Chromogranin A

A

neuroendorcine tumors

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9
Q

Tumor Marker: Beta-HCG

A

germ cell tumor

testicular ca

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10
Q

Tumor Marker: neuro-specific enolase

A

lung ca

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11
Q

Tumor marker: PSA

A

prostate CA

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12
Q

Tumor Marker: S-100

A

malignant melanoma

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13
Q

Tumor marker: nuclear matrix protein 22

A

bladder ca

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14
Q

Tumor Marker: carcinoembryonic antigen CEA

A 
colorectal ca
bile duct ca
breast ca
GI ca
esophgeal ca
lung ca
thyroid ca
bladder ca
uterine ca
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15
Q

Tumor marker: lactate dehydrogenase

A

GI ca

germ cell tumor

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16
Q

Tumor marker: alk phos

A

bone ca

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17
Q

Aspartate Amniotransferase

A 
AST/SGOT
wide tissue distribution
non-specific by itself
very sensitive to most all HC diseases
increase seen with MI, heart failure, muscle injury, CNS disease and other nonhepatic disorders
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18
Q

Alanine Amniotransferase

A

ALT/SGPT
present in high concentrations in the liver
specific for liver disease

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19
Q

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase

A

GGT
present in the hepatocytes and bile duct epithelium
elevation indicates HC disease and biliary obstruction
increased in most disease that cause acute damage to liver/bile ducts and in patients with acute/chronic alcohol abuse

20
Q

Increased GGT and ALP =

A

biliary obstruction

21
Q

Increased GGT and ALT =

A

hepatocellular disease

22
Q

lactic dehydrogenase

A

LDH
enzyme widely distributed throughout body
by itself is not as useful as with determination of its five isoenzymes, which can indicate specific organ or tissue damage
can be used to monitor treatment of some cancers

23
Q

Alpha fetoprotein

A

AFP
protein synthesized by fetal liver
levels decrease during the first year of life
elevation with: HCC, germ cell tumors (ovaries and testes), metastaic Plateletliver cancer, childhood hepatoblastoma
moderate levels can be seen with non-cancerous liver diseases
>500 ngmL = hcc, level loosely correlates with degree

24
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelets due to either decreased production or increased destruction

25
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

increased platelets

is either congenital or reactive or due to unregulated production

26
Q

Prothrombin Time

27
Q

Partial PT

A

PTT or activated PTT
characterizes blood coagulation
monitor the treatment effects with heparin

28
Q

Fatty Infiltration

A

inc AST

inc ALT

29
Q

AST

A

enzyme in numerous metabolic tissues

30
Q

ALT

A

Metabolic enzyme mostly found in the liver

31
Q

Cirrhosis

A

inc AST
inc ALT
inc Alk Phos

32
Q

Alk Phos

A

enzyme produced by the liver, bone, intestines, and placenta

33
Q

Cirrhosis (advanced)

A 
inc AST
inc ALT
inc Alk Phos
dec Albumin
inc Bilirubin Total
inc Indirect Bilirubin (Unconjugated)
inc Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated)
PT/PTT
34
Q

Albumin

A

protein which acts as a transport medium

35
Q

Bilirubin Total

A

old red blood cell residual and bile pigment

36
Q

Indirect Bilirubin

A

Unconjugated

detsroyed RBCs

37
Q

Direct Bilirubin

A

Conjugated

bile pigment

38
Q

Focal Liver Infection/Abscess

A 
inc WBC
inc AST
inc ALT
inc Alk Phos
inc Direct/Conj Bili
39
Q

WBC

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes

40
Q

Biliary Obstruction Distal

A 
inc Alk Phos
inc Direct/Conj Bili
inc Bilirubin Total
inc AST
inc ALT
inc WBC
41
Q

Metastases

A

inc AST
inc ALT
inc Alk Phos
inc Bilirubin Total

42
Q

Hepatic Adenoma

A

inc Hematocrit
inc Bilirubin Total
inc Indirect/Unconj Bili

43
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC in blood volume

44
Q

Biliary Obstruction Proximal

A 
inc Alk Phos
ind Direct/Conj Bili
inc Bilirubin Total
inc ALT
inc AST
45
Q

Hepatitis

A

inc ALT
inc AST
inc Alk Phos

ABD (20 decks)

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