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ABD > Specials > Flashcards

Specials Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor most likely to hemorrhage?

A

adenomas

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2
Q

Lipomas are associated with what artifact?

A

propagation speed

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3
Q

What forms the ampulla of Vater?

A

duct of Wirsung and CBD

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4
Q

What is another name for the coronary artery?

A

gastric artery

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5
Q

Cholesterolisis vs adenomyomatosis

A

Cholesterolisis

  • lipid deposits in GB wall that appear as polyps
  • “strawberry GB)

Adenomyomatosis

  • hyperplastic changes in the GB wall, causing overgrowth of the mucosa, wall thickening, and diverticula formation (RAS or Rokitansky-ASchoff sinuses) containing stones
  • hyperechoic foci within thickened GB wall, comet-tail reverberation artifact
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6
Q

QL muscle is immediately _______ to the kidneys.

A

posterior

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7
Q

RT diaphragmatic crus is posterior to the ____ and ____ ______ ______.

A

IVC, RT renal arteries

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8
Q

Metastisis from breast, lung, lymphoma tend to be _________.

A

hypoechoic

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9
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

remnant of the umbilical vein which runs fro the umbilicus to the LPV

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10
Q

Lt gastric vein is also known as the ______ _____.

A

coronary vein

  • normally empties flow from the esophageal veins into the splenic vein
  • can become dilated with portal HTN
  • flow direction may become reversed and form dangerous esophageal varices
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11
Q

Lab that correlates with bone cancer?

A

alk phos

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12
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Dense fibrous tissue that typically encapsulates the Ao, appears an a hypoechoic ML mass

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13
Q

Greenfield filter

A

Most common IVC filter, used to prevent the asecent of lower extremity vein thrombosis
-proper location is inferior to the renal veins

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14
Q

Incisional hernias

A

result of post operative weakening of the abdominal wall

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15
Q

What can mimic the parathyroid?

A

minor neurovascular bundle can be mistaken for enlarged parathyroid

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16
Q

What is the bundle of nerves near the thyroid and what is a useful landmark?

A

minor neurovascular bundle

  • compossed of recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid vessels
  • vague hypoechoic area between longus coli muscle and thyroid gland
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17
Q

Most common adrenal mass in newborns?

A

Adrenal hemorrhage

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18
Q

Intussusception

A
  • telescoping, folding of bowel upon itself
  • 90% ileocoic (ileum invaginates into proximal colon)
  • ages 4 - 6 months
  • SAG (pseudo-kidney)
  • TRV (target sign)
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19
Q

What is a cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

chronic renal failure
-inability for kidneys to filter results in increased amouns of serum phophates
-

20
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Dense fibrous tissue that typically encapsulates/envelopes the Ao (paravertebral area),

  • appears an a hypoechoic ML mass
  • aka Ormond’s Disease or inflammatory aneurysm
21
Q

Bowel/gastrointestional wall layers (name/order/echogenicity)

A

MMSMS

Mucosa - hyper
Muscularis Mucosa - hypo
Submucosa (thickest) - hyper
Muscularis Propria - hypo
Serosa - hyper
22
Q

Gland inferior to the mandible?

A

Submandibular gland

-secretes into the oral cavity through Wharton’s ducts

23
Q

What is the name of the ligament that keeps the spleen in place?

A

gastrosplenic (gastrolienal)?? or splenorenal lig??

suspended in the greater omentum

24
Q

What is the most reliable finding in patients with abscesses (2)

A

fever and increased WBC count

25
Q

What kind of artifact is typically found with an abscess?

A

reverberation (comet-tail) artifact

26
Q

What causes the reverberation (comet-tail) artifact in abscesses?

A

gas

27
Q

Describe the typical sonographic appearance of an absecss.

A

complex mass (solid and cystic)
debris, septations, and gas may be seen
posterior enhancement depending on the cystic component

28
Q

In the absence of gas within a collection, differentiation of abscess from a ________ is by percutaneous aspiration.

A

hematoma

29
Q

What are bilomas commonly associated with?

A

abdominal trauma, GB disease, biliary surgery*

30
Q

_____ are extrahepatic collections of extravasated bile predominantly located in the RUQ.

A

Bilomas

31
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of a biloma.

A

Predominantly cystic

32
Q

Lymphoceles are complications of (4)

A

renal transplantation
gynecological surgery
vascular surgery
urological surgery

33
Q

What are lymphoceles commonly caused by (2)?

A

leakage of a renal allograft

surgical disruption of the lymphatic channels

34
Q

What the DDx for a lymphocele?

A

any fluid collection - loculated ascites, urinoma, hematoma, abscess

35
Q

If internal echoes are found within a fluid collection, it is more consistent with a _______ or ______ than with a lymphocele.

A

abscess or hematoma

36
Q

What are potential causes of urinomas?

A

renal trauma
renal surgery
obstructing lesion

37
Q

What tend to be the most common casues of urinomas?

A

renal transplantation

posterior urethral valave obstruction

38
Q

What is a urinoma?

A

A collection of urine located outside of the kidney, bladder, urinary tract

39
Q

A urinoma found directly after a renal transplant is likely due to what?

A

an anastomotic leak of the ureter

40
Q

The sonographic apperance of a urinoma is similar to a _______.

A

lymphocele

41
Q

______ is the excessive accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

A

ascites

42
Q

Two mechanisms that produce ascites.

A

low serum osmotic pressure (protein loss)

high portal venous pressure

43
Q

Where is ascites commonly found?

A

inferior aspect of the right lobe of liver
Morison’s pouch
pelvic cul de sac
paracolic gutters

44
Q

Low protein

A

hypoalbuminemia

45
Q

Hypoalbuminema can be the result of (3)

A

liver failure
nephrotic syndrome
malnutrition

46
Q

________ _________ is a malignancy characterized by the progressive accumulation of mucus-secreting tumor cells within the peritoneum and is most commonly associated with appenidx cancer.

A

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

47
Q

Sonographic appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei?

A

bowel loops matted to the posterior abdominal wall

ABD (20 decks)

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