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ABD > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the hip are affected by developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

A

proximal femur and acetabulum

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2
Q

What can DDH lead to

A

subluxation (partial dislocation) and dislocation

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3
Q

risk factors for developmental hip displasia

A 
female
first-born
frank breech presentation
family hx
oligohydramnios
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4
Q

Hip laxity is common at birth so sonograohic evaluation is typically performed after ____ weeks.

A

4

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5
Q

What planes are used to evaluate DDH

A

COR and TRV

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6
Q

Which hip is typically affected?

A

3x more common in the left

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7
Q

Normal alpha and beta angle of a hip?

A

alpha >60

beta <55

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8
Q

_____ angle is lateral next to TDx

A

beta, alpha is medial

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9
Q

What are the stress maneuvers for DDh called

A

barlow

ortalani

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10
Q

Barlow stress maneuver

A

determine is hip is subluxable

dislocation of the hip by adducting (rolling in) and pushing the leg posteriorly

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11
Q

Ortalani stress maneuver

A

relocation of the dislocated hip by abducting (roll open) the leg
a palpable and audible “clunk” is noted as the femoral head slips back into the socket

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12
Q

_______ _______ is a collection of synovial fluid in the popliteal fossa and is commonly located on the _____ aspect of the fossa. They can also extend down into the _____

A

Baker’s Cyst
media
calf muscle

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13
Q

Causes of Baker’s cyst

A

rheumatoid arthritis
osteoarthritis
oversuse of the knees

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14
Q

Most common tumor of the hand and wrist

A

ganglion cysts

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15
Q

Second most common tumor of the hand and wrist

A

giant cell tumor

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16
Q

Tumor of the tendon sheath

A

giant cell tumor

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17
Q

appearance of a giant cell tumor

A

solid mass with varying appearances

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18
Q

Appeance of a ganglion cyst

A

simple cyst with sound enhancement

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19
Q

Why do you have to be careful with a cystic appearning mass in the hand or wirst that does not have sound enhancement

A

could be a giant cell tumor

20
Q

_____ ______ is two muscles that extend from the zyphoid process to the public bone and join at the midline to form the _____ _____, which is a complete partition for this compartment.

A

rectus abdominus

linea alba

21
Q

The rectus abdominus is encased in a sheath ______ and _______. The anterior and posterior sheath extend from the costal margin to the ______ line, which is located midway between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis, where the posterior wall of the sheath ends.

A

anteriorly and posteriorly

arcuate line

22
Q

A rectus sheath heamtoma is the result of bleeding from the ______ or _______ ________ vessels (superior and inferior to umbilicus) or frome a _____ of the rectus muscle.

A

superior or inferior epigastric vessels

tear

23
Q

If a rectus shealth hematoma is superior to the arcuate line, the heamtoma is confined within teh anterior and posterior sheath and does not move across the ____ due to the ____ ______.

A

midline

linea alba

24
Q

A rectus sheath hematoma inferior to the arcuate line will extend into the ____ of ______ within the pelvis casuing external compression and irratation of the urinary bladder.

A

space of retzius (retropubic space)

  • inferior to the arcuate line, the posterior sheath is absent with only a weak transversalis fascia and peritoneum sperating the abdominal wall muscle from the abdominal viscera
  • these bleeds are more extensive, the bleed does not tamponade as it does above the arcuate line
25
Q

Although most rectus sheath hematomas are self-limiting, extensive bleeding can result in a _______ in ______ and hypovolemic shock

A

decrease hematocrit

26
Q

Where is the arcuate line

A

below the belly button, midway between the umbilicus and pubic bone

27
Q

rectus sheath hematomas occur due to

A 
external trauma
trauma from surgery
vigorous msucle contraction
valsalva with severe coughing/vomiting
pregnancy
28
Q

Rectus sheath heamtoma is a recognized complication of ______ _____.

A

anticoagulation therapy

29
Q

epigastric hernia

A

due to a weakness on the ML of the upper abd wall, on the line extending from the breast bone to the umbilicus

30
Q

Incisional hernia

A

result of poast operative weakening of the abdominla wall

31
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

occurs near the umbilicus due to the natural weakness of the abdominal wall from the umbilical cord

32
Q

femoral hernia

A

within the femoral canal adjacent to the femoral vein just below the groin crease and is usually associated with pregnancy

33
Q

Obturator hernia

A

protrudes from the pelvic cavity through the opening in the pelvic bone (obturator foramen). Becasue of the lack visible bulging, difficult to Dx

34
Q

inguinal hernia

A

most common abd wall hernia occuring more often in men

35
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

follows the inguinal canal descending from the abdomen into the scrotum. Pathway normally closes before birth but may remain a possible site for hernia in later life. Sometimes the hernia sac protrudes into the scrotum

36
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

occurs slightly to the inside of the site of the indirect hernia, in an area where the abdominal wall is naturally slightly thinner, rarely protruding into the scrotum

37
Q

Spigelian hernia

A

along the edge of the rectus abdominus muscle through the spigelian fascia, which is serveal inches lateral to the middle of the abdomen

38
Q

What are the 4 patterns of muscle fiber organization

A

Parallell (Fusiform)
Convergent (Triangular)
Pennate
Circular

39
Q

Parallell

A

fusifirm
long axis of muscle fiber runs with longitudinal axis of muscle
biceps, sartorius

40
Q

Convergent

A

trangular
muscle fibers converge toward a single tendon
pectoralis major

41
Q

peenate

A

muscle fibers branch from central tendon diagonally (feather-like)
rectus femoris, deltoid

42
Q

circular

A

msucle fibers are arranged in concentric rings

obicularis oris

43
Q

artifact you will encounter when not quite perpendicular to smal super structures that will make it look like there is a break or tear so need to use dynamic imaging (moving around)

A

anisotropy

44
Q

full/complete tears may occur in

A

tendons, where muscle are connected to bone

45
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatous
subscapularis
infraspinatous
teres minor

46
Q

What should you always do in the presence of a popliteal cyst?

A

Color Doppler to check for popliteal arterial anneurysm

ABD (20 decks)

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