SPLEEN Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

largest lymphoid organ is the ——-?

Spleen

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SPLEEN

____,____, or _____ shaped

size of _____
(delicate or tough ?)
_____ in color
stores ___
removes ______ too

tetrahedral, ovoid, or wedge

one’s fist

Delicate

purple

rbc

worn out rbc

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most vulnerable abdominal organ is the ______?

Spleen

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The spleen is capable of expansion and contraction

T/F

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SPLEEN

_________ region of the abdomen
between _____ and _____
________ line
____-____ ribs
___peritoneal

left hypochondriac

fundus and diaphragm

midaxillary

9th to 11th

intra

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The spleen doesn’t move Atall

T/F

moves a bit

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SPLEEN

__cm thick
____g in weight
length __cm
diameter __cm

-__inch thick;__ inches wide;__ inches long;weighs _______

150-200

1;3;5:7 ounces

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SPLEEN

2angles- ______ and _____
2surfaces -_____ and _
2ends- ______ and _____ (extremities)
3edges- ____,_____,_____

anterobasal and posterobasal

Diaphragmatic and visceral

anterior and posterior

superior, inferior, and intermediate

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Diaphragmatic surface

(concave or convex?) and (even or uneven?)
goes (superior or Inferior?) , (forwards or backwards?) and (left or right?)

VISCERAL SURAFCE

(concave or Convex?) and (even or uneven?)
____, ____,_____, ____

convex; even

Superior

Backwards

Left

Concave ; uneven

gastric; colic; renal; pancreatic

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___ligament prevents the spleen from going down towards the iliac fossa)

Phrenicocolic ligament

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gastrosplenic ligament
Contains _____artery

-lienorenal ligament
_______
_____ artery

Short gastric

Tail of pancreas

Splenic

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RELATIONS

Medially-_______,_____
Inferiorly-_____ flexure
Anteriorly- _____
Posterior- ______, ____ lung, ribs _____

tail of pancreas

left kidney

left colic

stomach

diaphragm; left

9-11

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BLOOD SUPPLY

ARTERIES!!!

supplied by the ____ artery
in lienorenal ligament up to just near the hilum
then it divides into 5 or more branches then enters the hilum of the spleeen

splenic

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_____ artery which is the largest branch of the coeliac artery

splenic

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VEINS!!!
-splenic vein , found (behind or infront of?) the body of pancreas

Tributaries of splenic vein are : 
 \_\_\_\_\_ veins 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_

NERVES

_____ plexus

Behind

Short

Inferior mesenteric

Left gastroepiploic

Pancreatic

Coeliac

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SEGMENTS

the splenic artery divides into ______ and _______ branches that (do or do not?) anastomose
_______ plane seperates the up from down of the spleen

superior and inferior

Do not

avascular

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CLINCAL ANATOMY

the spleen can be palpated

T/F

It can’t

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splenomegaly: occurs during sicknesses like _______, the spleen gets _____

malaria or typhoid

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Surgical removal of the entire spleen is ______

splenectomy

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KEHR’s sign:

when you have acute pain in the _____ when you lay down and ______ due to ______ or _____ being in the peritoneal cavity . Have this in your left shoulder and we know your spleen has ruptured

tip of the shoulder

elevate your leg

irritants or blood

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The stomach lies ____ in the (upper or lower?) and (left or right?) part of the abdomen, occupying the ______,_____,_____ regions.

obliquely

Upper

Left

epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac

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Most of the lies under the cover of the right costal margin and the ribs.

T/F

Left

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The exact size, shape and position of the stomach is constant from person to person and with position and respiration.
T/F

The exact size, shape and position of the stomach can vary from person to person and with position and respiration.

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The shape of the stomach depends upon the degree of its _____ and that of the ______, e.g. the colon.

distension

surrounding viscera

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When empty, the stomach is somewhat ___-shaped ( ____) when partially distended, it becomes _____ in shape. In obese persons, it is more _____.

J vertical piriform horizontal

The shape of the stomach can be studied in the living by radiographical examination after giving a _____

barium meal.

The stomach is a semi distensible organ. | T/F

F It’s a very distensible organ

Stomach is about __ cm long The mean capacity is:one ___ ( ____ml) at birth, One ___ (___ ml) at puberty, _____ to _____ or more in adults.

25 Ounce; 30 liter; 1000 1½ to 2 liters

Eternal Features of the stomach can be best remembered by “twos”. Two openings _______ and _______ Two curvatures ______ and ____ Two surfaces ______ and ______ * Two omenta _____ and _____ * Two gastric nerves _____ and _____

Cardiac orifice ; Pyloric orifice Lesser curvature; Greater curvature Antero superior; Postero inferior Lesser omentum ; Greater omentum Anterior (Left vagal trunk); Posterior (Right vagal trunk)

``` 4 Parts of the stomach •_____ region •____ •____ •___ ``` The pylorus is formed by 3 parts •Pyloric ____ •Pyloric ____ •Pyloric _____

Cardiac Fundus Body Pylorus antrum Canal Sphincter

The cardiac orifice: separates the _____ from the ____ lies at the (upper or lower?) border of the ____ of the ______ behind the ____ left costal cartilage and about ___ cm to the left of its chondro sternal junction. There is _______ evidence of sphincteric action at this site, but a sphincter cannot be demonstrated _______.

oesophagus stomach Lower; body; 11th thoracic vertebra; 7th; 2.5 physiological; anatomically

Pyloric orifice: opens into the ____. In an empty stomach and in the supine position, it lies ___ cm to the right of median plane, at the level of (upper or lower?) border of vertebra ___ or _____ plane. •It can be indicated on the surface of the stomach by a _____ groove, the pyloric constriction produced by the ______ and identified by the _____ which runs (vertically or horizontally ?) across its (anterior or posterior?) surface.

duodenum 1.2 Lower; L1; transpyloric circular pyloric sphincter prepyloric vein Vertically Anterior

Cardiac orifice It is the site of the _________ sphincter. •It is a ____ rather than an ____, sphincter. •Consists of a _____ layer of smooth muscle (under _____ and ____ control). * Function: * Prevents ___________

gastro- esophageal physiological; anatomical circular vagal and hormonal (GER) regurgitation (reflux)

the abrupt mucosal transition from ____ to ____ (______)

esophagus stomach Z- line

The lesser curvature is (concave or convex?) and forms the (right or left?) border of the stomach. It provides attachment to the _________ The most dependent part of the curvature is marked by the _______ or ____

Concave Right lesser omentum. angular notch or incisura angularis.

The greater curvature is (concave or convex?) and forms the (left or right?) border of the stomach.

Convex left

The greater curvature gives attachment to the following dorsal mesenteries starting from above. 1. _______ ligament 2. _______ ligament 3. _______

Gastro phrenic Gastro splenic Greater omentum

The gastro epiploic vessels lie between the two layers of the _____ at its point of attachment to the _______

greater omentum greater curvature.

At its upper end, the greater curvature presents the ______ which separates it from the oesophagus.

cardiac notch

The stomach has four main anatomical divisions; the ___, ____, ____ and ____

cardia fundus Body Pylorus

* Cardia – surrounds the (superior or Inferior?) opening of the stomach at the ____ vertebrae level. * Fundus – the (rounded or flattened?) , often __ filled portion (superior or Inferior?) to and (left or right?) of the cardia. * Body – the large central portion (superior or inferior?) to the fundus. * Pylorus – This area connects the _____ to the _____.

Superior ; T11 Rounded ; gas Superior Left Inferior stomach; duodenum

The pyloric sphincter demarcates the transpyloric plane at the level of ____.

The mucosa of an empty stomach is thrown into folds termed as gastric _____.

rugae

The gastric rugae are ______ along the lesser curvature and are _______ elsewhere.

longitudinal irregular

The rugae are ______ in a distended stomach.

flattened

On the mucosal surface there are numerous small depressions that can be seen with a hand lens. • These are the _______. The gastric ____ open into them.

gastric pits gland

The parts of the lumen of the stomach that lies along the lesser curvature, and has longitudinal rugae, is called the _______ or ______

gastric canal or magenstrasse.

This gastric canal allows (slow or rapid?) passage of swallowed ____ along the ____ curvature directly to the (upper or lower?) part before it spreads to the other parts of stomach.

Rapid liquids lesser Lower

the_____ curvature bears maximum insult of the swallowed liquids, which makes it vulnerable to peptic ulcer

lesser

The antero superior surface of stomach faces upwards and forwards and is related to the _____, ______ muscle and ____ organ on its left part and to the ___ and ____ lobe of the ___, anterior abdominal wall and the _____ on the right part.

diaphragm transversus abdominis spleen left and quadrate; liver transverse colon

The postero inferior surface of stomach facing backwards and downwards is related to the structures of the stomach bed which is formed by the following: List all ___ of them •All there structures are separated from the stomach by the _______ or _____

7 ``` Left Kidney •2. Left Suprarenal •3. Left Crus of diaphragm •4. Body of Pancreas •5. Left Colic Flexure •6. Transverse Mesocolon •7. Splenic artery ``` omental bursa or lesser sac.

BLOOD SUPPLY •The stomach being a derivative of the ____ is supplied by branches of the _______ through the : * (a) ______ artery – branch of ___ * (b) _____ artery (branch of ______) * (c) _______(branch of _____) * (d) _______ branches of ______ * (e) ________

foregut coeliac trunk Left gastric; celiac trunk Right gastric; common hepatic Right gastroepiploic ; gastroduodenal Short gastric; splenic Left gastroepiploic

Left gastric artery: •It is a branch of _______ •Runs along the ————. Right gastric artery: From the ________. –Runs to the (left or right?) along the ______

celiac artery. lesser curvature hepatic of celiac Left; lesser curvature

Short gastric arteries •arise from the ____ artery. •Pass in the ______ ligament. Left gastroepiploic artery: from ______ artery –Pass in the ______ ligament, along the ________ curvature Right gastroepiploic artery: • from the ________ artery of ____ . –Passes to the (left or right?) along the ______ curvature.

splenic gastrosplenic splenic gastrosplenic greater gastroduodenal; hepatic Left; greater

Venous drainage of the stomach * All of them drain into the _____ circulation. * The ___________ veins drain directly into the portal vein. * The ______ veins and the ______ vein join the splenic vein. * The ________ vein drain in the superior mesenteric vein.

portal right and left gastric short gastric; left gastroepiploic right gastroepiploic

The stomach receives innervation from the autonomic nervous system * Parasympathetic nerve supply arises from the __________________, derived from the ____ nerve. * Sympathetic nerve supply arises from the _____ spinal cord segments and passes to the ____ plexus via the _______ nerve. It also carries some ___ transmitting fibres

anterior and posterior vagal trunks; vagus T6-T9 coeliac greater splanchnic pain

The lymph vessels follow the arteries. | T/F

The lymph vessels follow the arteries. •They first drain to the: –Left and right ____ nodes –Left and right _____ nodes and the –_____ nodes Ultimately, all the lymph from the stomach is collected at the ____ nodes.

gastric gastroepiploic Short gastric celiac

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is found at birth from _____ of the ____ muscle fibres of the pyloric _____.

hypertrophy circular sphincter

Blood vessels and lymphatics of stomach are continuous with the _____ but not _____. Therefore carcinoma of stomach tends to spread to _____ but not ______.

oesophagus duodenum oesophagus duodenum

Gastric pain can be felt in the ______ because the ______ and the stomach are both supplied from segments _____-____ of the spinal cord.

epigastrium epigastrium T6 to T1O

Gastric Triangle — a part of the anterosuperior surface of the stomach is in contact with the anterior abdominal wall. This area is bounded by the (superior or Inferior?) border of the ___ to the (left or right?) , the _______ to the (left or right?) and the ______ below and it is through this area that a _______ is done.

Inferior liver Right left costal margin Left transverse colon gastrotomy