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ANA 202 > Development Of Hind Gut > Flashcards

Development Of Hind Gut Flashcards

1
Q

The cecum and appendix develop from _______

A

cecal bud

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2
Q

cecal bud

a _______ shaped (constriction or dilatation?) that appears in the _____ segment of the midgut loop near its (apex or base ?)

A

conical; dilatation

postarterial

Apex

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3
Q

Apex of midgut loop

site of attachment of ????

A

vitelline duct

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4
Q

The proximal part of the cecal bud grows (slowly or rapidly?) and forms _____, while its distal part remains (wide or narrow?) to form the _____.

A

cecum

Narrow

appendix

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5
Q

Change in Shape of Cecum and Appendix

At birth, the cecum is ____ in shape and vermiform appendix is attached at its (apex or base?) .

Later cecal growth results in formation of __________—one on either side.

A

conical

Apex

two saccules

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6
Q

The (right or left?) saccule grows faster than the (right or left?) .

As a result, the apex of the cecum and the base of the appendix is pushed towards (left or right?) , nearer to _____ junction.

For this reason in adults, the base of the appendix is attached to (anterior or posterior?) (medial or lateral?) wall of the cecum, near the ileocecal junction.

A

right; left

Left

ileocecal

Posterior; medial

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7
Q

On the basis of shape of the cecum and site of attachment of appendix, the cecum is classified into following four types :

  1. ____ (____) type
  2. ____ (_____) type
  3. _____ type
  4. ______ type
A

Conical; fetal

Infantile; quadrate

Normal

Exaggerated

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8
Q
  1. Conical (fetal) type ( ___ %)
  2. Infantile (quadrate) type (__%)
  3. Normal type (_____ %)
  4. Exaggerated type (___%).
A

2

3

80–90

4–5

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9
Q

Development of transverse colon

The right two-third of transverse colon develops from the _____ segment of the _____ while the left one-third of transverse colon develops from the _____.

For this reason, the right two-third of transverse colon is supplied by _______ artery and left one-third of transverse colon is supplied by the ________ artery

A

postarterial; midgut loop

hindgut

superior mesenteric

inferior mesenteric

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10
Q

Development of Descending Colon

It develops from _____.

A

hindgut

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11
Q

Development of Sigmoid Colon

It also develops from ____.

A

hindgut

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12
Q

Development of Rectum

The terminal dilated part of the hindgut distal to ____ is called _____.

A

allantois

cloaca

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13
Q

Cloaca is divided into two parts by _________

A

urorectal septum

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14
Q

Cloaca is divided into two parts by urorectal septum:

a) a (broad or narrow?) ventral part called ________

B) a (broad or narrow?) dorsal part is called ______.

A

Broad; primitive urogenital sinus

Narrow ; primitive rectum

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15
Q

The urogenital sinus gives rise to the ________ and _____ , while the primitive rectum gives rise to the _____ and ____ part of the _______

A

urinary bladder and urethra

rectum

upper; anal canal

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16
Q

Development of Anal Canal

The anal canal develops from two sources:

a)_____ and (b)______ .

A

hindgut

proctodeum

17
Q

The upper half of the anal canal is ___dermal in origin and develops from _________

A

Endo

primitive rectum.

18
Q

The lower half of the anal canal is ____dermal in origin and develops from anal pit called _____.

A

Ecto

proctodeum

19
Q

Initially, the upper and lower parts of the anal canal are separated from each other by _______.

Later when this membrane ruptures , the two parts communicate with each other.

A

anal membrane

20
Q

The site of anal membrane is represented by _____ in adults.

A

pectinate line

21
Q

____________ aka Hirschsprung’s disease

A

Congenital megacolon

22
Q

Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung’s disease:

In this anomaly, a segment of the colon is (dilated or constricted?) .

However, it is the segment ______ to _____ that is abnormal.

In this abnormal segment, autonomic ______ ganglia are absent in the _____ plexus.

As a result there is no ___ in this segment.

It occurs 1 in ____ newborns.

This anomaly is produced due to failure of _______________ in the wall of the affected segment of the colon.

This anomaly is commonly seen in the ______ or _____.

Clinically it presents as: (a) loss of ____, (b) ____ retention, and (c) abdominal _____.

A

Dilated

distal to dilatation

parasympathetic; myenteric

peristalsis ; 5000

migration of neural crest cells

sigmoid colon or rectum

peristalsis; fecal; distension

23
Q

The newborns with aganglionic congenital megacolon may fail to pass ______ in _______ after birth.

A

meconium

first 24–48 hours

24
Q

Imperforate anus:

It is a clinical condition in which the _______ fails to ____ with ____.

The various types of imperforated ani are:

(a)The rectum and anal canal develop normally but _____ fails to ____. This is a (minor or major?) form of imperforated anus and can be corrected by _____ of the _____.

The upper and lower parts of the anal canal remain separated by a ____.

A

lower part of gut (GIT)

communicate

Exterior

anal membrane; breakdown; minor

excision; anal membrane

gap

25
Q

The various types of imperforated ani are:

The _____ remains a solid mass of ectodermal cells, and there is a big gap between it and ____ part of the ____

A

proctodeum

upper; anal canal

26
Q

The various types of imperforated ani are:

The anal canal is _____.

In this condition, anal canal and anal orifice are extremely (wide or narrow?) .

It occurs when _____ deviates (ventrally or dorsally?) as it reaches cloacal membrane.

A

stenosed

Narrow

urorectal septum

Dorsally

27
Q

Rectal fistulae :

The rectal fistulae are frequently seen in association with the imperforated anus.

The common types of rectal fistulae are (a) recto___ fistula, (b) recto____ fistula, and (c) recto____ fistula.
The rectal fistulae are usually associated with rectal ______.

A

vaginal

vesical

Urethral

atresia

28
Q

Congenital anomalies due to errors of fixation of the gut

(a) The parts of intestine that normally become retroperitoneal may retain mesentery. As a result, they become highly ____ due to hypermotility—a portion of _____ twist along with its ______ on the axis of mesentery.

Consequently the blood supply is compromised. This condition is called ____ .

A

mobile

Intestine

blood vessels

volvulus

29
Q

If volvulus is not corrected timely, it may cause an _______ of part of the intestine involved.

A

ischemic necrosis

30
Q

Congenital anomalies due to errors of fixation of the gut

The parts of intestine that normally retain their mesentery may be ____ particularly with any other organ by abnormal _____ of _____

A

fixed

adhesions of peritoneum.

31
Q

Situs inversus:

In this condition, all the abdominal and thoracic viscera present on one side goes to _____, i.e., they are laterally transposed.

A

the opposite side

ANA 202 (24 decks)

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