Liver Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

______ is the main site for metabolism in the body.

Liver

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Liver

It has a ____ blood supply.

is ______ in color.

______-shaped (__ sided _____).

It is solid but _____ in consistency.

dual

reddish brown

wedge;4; pyramid

soft

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only gland supplied by an artery as well as a vein.

Liver

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A new born baby’s abdomen is usually very large

Why???

because of the large size of the liver compared to the other organs, due to more haematopoietic function in fetal life.

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The largest internal body organ is ????

Liver

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largest visceral structure in the abdominal cavity is _______

Liver

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Largest gland is ???

Liver

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Largest organ apart from skin is ??????

Liver

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Liver Weighs about ______

Receives about _______ mL of blood per minute.

1.5kg

1500

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The ______ separates liver from the pleura, lungs, pericardium, and heart.

diaphragm

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Liver

Found in the upper abdominal cavity:

extends from ____ quadrant to _____ quadrant of the abdomen

Location:________,______, and _______

right upper; left upper

Right hypochondrium

epigastrium

left hypochondrium

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PARTS OF THE LIVER
•\_\_Borders 
•\_\_ Lobes 
•\_\_ Surfaces
•\_\_\_ Fissures

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PARTS OF THE LIVER

3 Borders –_____,______,____
4 Lobes -______,_____,____,____
5 Surfaces –_____,___,____,___,_____
6 Fissures –___,_____,____,___,_____,____

Inferior, postero-superior and postero-inferior.

Right and left hepatic lobes, quadrate and caudate lobes

Superior, anterior, right lateral, posterior and inferior

fissure for ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres, falciform ligament, fissure for porta hepatis, fissure for IVC and fossa for gall bladder

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The diaphragmatic surface of the liver is boldly (concave or convex?) , moulded to the undersurface of the diaphragm, and is descriptively subdivided into ___,____,___,____ surfaces which merge into one another without any clear demarcations.

Convex

anterior, superior, posterior and right lateral

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The diaphragmatic surface of the liver is covered with visceral peritoneum, except ____riorly in the ____ of the liver .

poste

bare area

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A sharp ____ border separates the right and anterior surfaces from the visceral surface

inferior

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Liver Has a bare area on the diaphragmatic surface, which is limited by ____ of the ____ but is devoid of _______.

layers of the coronary ligament

peritoneum

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Visceral surface
•A relatively (flat or round?) or even (concave or convex?) (posteroinferior), which are separated anteriorly by its sharp inferior border

Flat

Concave

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The visceral surface of the liver is covered with peritoneum, except at the bed of the _____ and the _______

gallbladder

porta hepatis

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The porta hepatis is a (transverse or longitudinal?) fissure in the middle visceral surface of the liver that gives passage to the _____,_____,____,_____,_____

transverse

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic nerve plexus, hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels

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The visceral surface is related to:
• (Right or left?) side of the stomach i.e. ____ and ____ areas
•(Superior or Inferior?) part of the duodenum i.e. duodenal area
•____ omentum
•______
• ______ flexure and right transverse area ; colic area
•(Right or left?) kidney and suprarenal gland; Renal area

Right

gastric and pyloric

Superior

Lesser

Gall bladder.

Right colic

Right

Liver is surrounded by the peritoneum and is attached to the diaphragm by the _____ and _____ ligaments and the _____ and _____ and ligaments

coronary and falciform

right and left triangular

Anatomically, based only on external features, the liver is described as having four “lobes”:

____,_____,_____,____

right, left, caudate, and quadrate

Liver is divided into a right lobe and left lobe by the attachment of the ________ anteriorly and superiorly; by the __________ interiorly; and by the ___________ posteriorly.

falciform ligament

fissure for the ligamentum teres

fissure for the ligamentum venosum

The caudate lobe is located on the (upper or lower?) aspect of the visceral surface. It lies between the ______ and a fossa produced by the _______

Upper inferior vena cava ligamentum venosum

ligamentum venosum is a remnant of the ________

fetal ductus venosus

The quadrate lobe is located on the (upper or lower?) aspect of the visceral surface. It lies between the _____ and a fossa produced by the ______

Lower gallbladder ligamentum teres

ligamentum teres is a remnant of the _________

Left fetal umbilical vein

The anatomical (small or large?) right lobe is separated from the (smaller or larger?) left lobe by the __________ and the ________

Large Smaller falciform ligament and the left sagittal fissure

With the exception of ______, every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is received first by the liver.

lipids

In addition to its many metabolic activities, the liver stores ____ and secretes ____..

glycogen bile

In the fetus, the liver is important in the manufacture of __________

red blood cells

Liver Function • Receives _____ blood from the hepatic artery and _____, ____-rich, sometimes _____ blood from the portal vein •its venous blood is drained by the ____ into the ____

oxygenated deoxygenated; nutrient toxic hepatic veins into the IVC.

Liver function Contains the portal triad, which is a group of the branches of the ______,____,______ at every corner of the lobule, surrounded by a connective tissue sheath, the ______ fibrous capsule.

portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct perivascular

Blood supply of the Liver Liver receives about ___% of its blood supply via the portal vein and ___% from the hepatic artery.

70; 30

_____ brings oxygenated blood to the liver and the ____ brings food-laden blood from the abdominal viscera

Hepatic artery portal vein

Hepatic artery divides into right and left branches . Right branch divides into _____ and ___ branches. Left branch divides into ____ and ____ branches

anterior and posterior medial and lateral

Venous drainage of the liver is achieved through _______ veins, which drain into the _____

three hepatic inferior vena cava

The parenchyma of the liver is innervated by the ____ plexus, which contains sympathetic (from the _____ plexus) and parasympathetic (____ nerve) nerve fibres. These fibres enter the liver at the ______ and follow the course of branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein.

hepatic coeliac; vagus porta hepatis

Glisson’s capsule, the ______ of the liver, is innervated by branches of the ________ nerves. Distension of the capsule results in a (sharp or dull?) , (well or poorly ?) localised pain

fibrous covering lower intercostal Sharp Well localized

The lymphatics of the liver drain into __-__ nodes that lie in the _____ (____ nodes). •These nodes also receive the lymphatics of the ______. They drain downwards alongside the ____ artery to ____ nodes as well as directly to ____ nodes.

3 or 4 porta hepatis; hepatic gallbladder hepatic;pyloric coeliac

Lymphatics from the bare area of the liver communicate with extraperitoneal lymphatics which perforate the ____ and drain to nodes in the ___________. Similar communications exist along the ______ and ______ ligaments from the adjacent liver surfaces.

diaphragm posterior mediastinum left triangular and falciform

Hepatic tissue may be obtained for diagnostic purposes by liver biopsy. •The needle puncture is commonly made through the (right or left ?) ___ intercostal space in the ___________ line •Before the physician takes the biopsy, the person is asked to _______ in full (inspiration or expiration?) to reduce the ________ and to lessen the possibility of damaging the ——— and contaminating the ____ cavity.

Right; 10th; midaxillary line. hold his or her breath Expiration costodiaphragmatic recess lung Pleural

the liver is vulnerable to rupture because it is (small or large?) , (fixed or mobile?) in position, and friable.

Large Fixed

Often, the liver is torn by a _____ that perforates the _____. Because of

fractured rib diaphragm

In cirrhosis of the liver, ______ are destroyed and replaced by ______ •This tissue surrounds the __________ and ______ , making the liver ___ and impeding circulation of blood through it.

hepatocytes fibrous tissue. intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary ducts firm

______ , the most common of many causes of portal hypertension, frequently develops in chronic ______.

Cirrhosis alcoholics

FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF THE LIVER Is divided, based on ______ and _____ , into the right and left lobes by the _______ and ____. (These lobes correspond to the functional units or hepatic segments.)

hepatic drainage and blood supply fossae for the gallbladder and the IVC

Left lobe •• Is divided into medial and lateral segments, each of which is subdivided into superior and inferior areas (segments). •• Includes the medial superior (____ lobe), medial inferior ( ___ lobe),lateral superior, and lateral inferior segments.

caudate quadrate

The quadrate lobe receives blood from the (right or left?) side hepatic artery and drains bile into the(right or left?) hepatic duct, whereas the caudate lobe receives blood from the (right or left?) hepatic arteries and drains bile into (right or left?) hepatic ducts.

Left Left Right and left both right and left