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ANA 202 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

______ is the main site for metabolism in the body.

A

Liver

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2
Q

Liver

It has a ____ blood supply.

is ______ in color.

______-shaped (__ sided _____).

It is solid but _____ in consistency.

A

dual

reddish brown

wedge;4; pyramid

soft

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3
Q

only gland supplied by an artery as well as a vein.

A

Liver

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4
Q

A new born baby’s abdomen is usually very large

Why???

A

because of the large size of the liver compared to the other organs, due to more haematopoietic function in fetal life.

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5
Q

The largest internal body organ is ????

A

Liver

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6
Q

largest visceral structure in the abdominal cavity is _______

A

Liver

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7
Q

Largest gland is ???

A

Liver

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8
Q

Largest organ apart from skin is ??????

A

Liver

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9
Q

Liver Weighs about ______

Receives about _______ mL of blood per minute.

A

1.5kg

1500

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10
Q

The ______ separates liver from the pleura, lungs, pericardium, and heart.

A

diaphragm

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11
Q

Liver

Found in the upper abdominal cavity:

extends from ____ quadrant to _____ quadrant of the abdomen

Location:________,______, and _______

A

right upper; left upper

Right hypochondrium

epigastrium

left hypochondrium

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12
Q 
PARTS OF THE LIVER
•\_\_Borders 
•\_\_ Lobes 
•\_\_ Surfaces
•\_\_\_ Fissures
A

3

4

5

6

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13
Q

PARTS OF THE LIVER

  • 3 Borders –_____,______,____
  • 4 Lobes -______,_____,____,____
  • 5 Surfaces –_____,___,____,___,_____
  • 6 Fissures –___,_____,____,___,_____,____
A

Inferior, postero-superior and postero-inferior.

Right and left hepatic lobes, quadrate and caudate lobes

Superior, anterior, right lateral, posterior and inferior

fissure for ligamentum venosum, ligamentum teres, falciform ligament, fissure for porta hepatis, fissure for IVC and fossa for gall bladder

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14
Q

The diaphragmatic surface of the liver is boldly (concave or convex?) , moulded to the undersurface of the diaphragm, and is descriptively subdivided into ___,____,___,____ surfaces which merge into one another without any clear demarcations.

A

Convex

anterior, superior, posterior and right lateral

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15
Q

The diaphragmatic surface of the liver is covered with visceral peritoneum, except ____riorly in the ____ of the liver .

A

poste

bare area

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16
Q

A sharp ____ border separates the right and anterior surfaces from the visceral surface

A

inferior

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17
Q

Liver Has a bare area on the diaphragmatic surface, which is limited by ____ of the ____ but is devoid of _______.

A

layers of the coronary ligament

peritoneum

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18
Q

Visceral surface
•A relatively (flat or round?) or even (concave or convex?) (posteroinferior), which are separated anteriorly by its sharp inferior border

A

Flat

Concave

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19
Q

The visceral surface of the liver is covered with peritoneum, except at the bed of the _____ and the _______

A

gallbladder

porta hepatis

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20
Q

The porta hepatis is a (transverse or longitudinal?) fissure in the middle visceral surface of the liver that gives passage to the _____,_____,____,_____,_____

A

transverse

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic nerve plexus, hepatic ducts, and lymphatic vessels

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21
Q

The visceral surface is related to:
• (Right or left?) side of the stomach i.e. ____ and ____ areas
•(Superior or Inferior?) part of the duodenum i.e. duodenal area
•____ omentum
•______
• ______ flexure and right transverse area ; colic area
•(Right or left?) kidney and suprarenal gland; Renal area

A

Right

gastric and pyloric

Superior

Lesser

Gall bladder.

Right colic

Right

22
Q

Liver is surrounded by the peritoneum and is attached to the diaphragm by the _____ and _____ ligaments and the _____ and _____ and ligaments

A

coronary and falciform

right and left triangular

23
Q

Anatomically, based only on external features, the liver is described as having four “lobes”:

____,_____,_____,____

A

right, left, caudate, and quadrate

24
Q

Liver is divided into a right lobe and left lobe by the attachment of the ________ anteriorly and superiorly; by the __________ interiorly; and by the ___________ posteriorly.

A

falciform ligament

fissure for the ligamentum teres

fissure for the ligamentum venosum

25
Q

The caudate lobe is located on the (upper or lower?) aspect of the visceral surface. It lies between the ______ and a fossa produced by the _______

A

Upper

inferior vena cava

ligamentum venosum

26
Q

ligamentum venosum is a remnant of the ________

A

fetal ductus venosus

27
Q

The quadrate lobe is located on the (upper or lower?) aspect of the visceral surface. It lies between the _____ and a fossa produced by the ______

A

Lower

gallbladder

ligamentum teres

28
Q

ligamentum teres is a remnant of the _________

A

Left fetal umbilical vein

29
Q

The anatomical (small or large?) right lobe is separated from the (smaller or larger?) left lobe by the __________ and the ________

A

Large

Smaller

falciform ligament and the left sagittal fissure

30
Q

With the exception of ______, every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is received first by the liver.

A

lipids

31
Q

In addition to its many metabolic activities, the liver stores ____ and secretes ____..

A

glycogen

bile

32
Q

In the fetus, the liver is important in the manufacture of __________

A

red blood cells

33
Q

Liver Function
• Receives _____ blood from the hepatic artery and _____, ____-rich, sometimes _____ blood from the portal vein
•its venous blood is drained by the ____ into the ____

A

oxygenated

deoxygenated; nutrient

toxic

hepatic veins into the IVC.

34
Q

Liver function

Contains the portal triad, which is a group of the branches of the ______,____,______ at every corner of the lobule, surrounded by a connective tissue sheath, the ______ fibrous capsule.

A

portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

perivascular

35
Q

Blood supply of the Liver

Liver receives about ___% of its blood supply via the portal vein and ___% from the hepatic artery.

A

70; 30

36
Q

_____ brings oxygenated blood to the liver and the ____ brings food-laden blood from the abdominal viscera

A

Hepatic artery

portal vein

37
Q

Hepatic artery divides into right and left branches .

Right branch divides into _____ and ___ branches.
Left branch divides into ____ and ____ branches

A

anterior and posterior

medial and lateral

38
Q

Venous drainage of the liver is achieved through _______ veins, which drain into the _____

A

three hepatic

inferior vena cava

39
Q

The parenchyma of the liver is innervated by the ____ plexus, which contains sympathetic (from the _____ plexus) and parasympathetic (____ nerve) nerve fibres.

These fibres enter the liver at the ______ and follow the course of branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein.

A

hepatic

coeliac; vagus

porta hepatis

40
Q

Glisson’s capsule, the ______ of the liver, is innervated by branches of the ________ nerves. Distension of the capsule results in a (sharp or dull?) , (well or poorly ?) localised pain

A

fibrous covering

lower intercostal

Sharp

Well localized

41
Q

The lymphatics of the liver drain into __-__ nodes that lie in the _____ (____ nodes).
•These nodes also receive the lymphatics of the ______. They drain downwards alongside the ____ artery to ____ nodes as well as directly to ____ nodes.

A

3 or 4

porta hepatis; hepatic

gallbladder

hepatic;pyloric

coeliac

42
Q

Lymphatics from the bare area of the liver communicate with extraperitoneal lymphatics which perforate the ____ and drain to nodes in the ___________.

Similar communications exist along the ______ and ______ ligaments from the adjacent liver surfaces.

A

diaphragm

posterior mediastinum

left triangular and falciform

43
Q

Hepatic tissue may be obtained for diagnostic purposes by liver biopsy.
•The needle puncture is commonly made through the (right or left ?) ___ intercostal space in the ___________ line

•Before the physician takes the biopsy, the person is asked to _______ in full (inspiration or expiration?) to reduce the ________ and to lessen the possibility of damaging the ——— and contaminating the ____ cavity.

A

Right; 10th; midaxillary line.

hold his or her breath

Expiration

costodiaphragmatic recess

lung

Pleural

44
Q

the liver is vulnerable to rupture because it is (small or large?) , (fixed or mobile?) in position, and friable.

A

Large

Fixed

45
Q

Often, the liver is torn by a _____ that perforates the _____. Because of

A

fractured rib

diaphragm

46
Q

In cirrhosis of the liver,

______ are destroyed and replaced by ______

•This tissue surrounds the __________ and ______ , making the liver ___ and impeding circulation of blood through it.

A

hepatocytes

fibrous tissue.

intrahepatic blood vessels and biliary ducts

firm

47
Q

______ , the most common of many causes of portal hypertension, frequently develops in chronic ______.

A

Cirrhosis

alcoholics

48
Q

FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF THE LIVER

Is divided, based on ______ and _____ , into the right and left lobes by the _______ and ____.
(These lobes correspond to the functional units or hepatic segments.)

A

hepatic drainage and blood supply

fossae for the gallbladder and the IVC

49
Q

Left lobe
•• Is divided into medial and lateral segments, each of which is subdivided into superior and inferior areas (segments).
•• Includes the medial superior (____ lobe), medial inferior ( ___ lobe),lateral superior, and lateral inferior segments.

A

caudate

quadrate

50
Q

The quadrate lobe receives blood from the (right or left?) side hepatic artery and drains bile into the(right or left?) hepatic duct,

whereas

the caudate lobe receives blood from the (right or left?) hepatic arteries and drains bile
into (right or left?) hepatic ducts.

A

Left

Left

Right and left

both right and left

ANA 202 (24 decks)

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