Histology Of Liver Flashcards
Largest internal organ is ??
Liver
Liver is ____g in weight
1500
Dual Blood Supply of liver
●Input:
●_____% portal vein
●(poor or rich ?) in oxygen
●(poor or rich?) in nutritions and pancreatic hormones ( from the bowels),
●(poor or rich?) in hemoglobin metabolites-bilirubin and heme (from the ____)
75
Poor
Rich
Rich
spleen
Dual Blood Supply of liver
●Input: ●•\_\_\_% hepatic artery ●(poor or rich?) in oxygen ●Output: ●\_\_\_\_\_\_ veins lead into \_\_\_\_\_\_
25
Rich
Hepatic
inferior vena cava
The liver is enclosed in a capsule of _______ connective tissue known as _______.
This capsule is (Thin or thick?) capsule
fibromuscular
Gilson’s capsule
Thin
LIVER LOBULES
●——/____ Lobule
●______ Lobule
●___________
Classic/Hepatic
Portal
Liver Acinus
Hepatocytes
main cell type in the _____
●have (small or large?) , (round or flat?) (heterochromatic or euchromatic?) nuclei, and one or more nucleoli
●__nucleate cells are common ((paired or unpaired?) nuclei)
parenchyma
Large
Round
euchromatic
Bi; unpaired
Hepatocytes
•\_\_\_\_\_ shaped cells \_\_\_\_µm ●\_\_\_\_philic ●(small or Large?) nucleus /\_\_nucleate ●Bile \_\_\_\_\_ ● \_\_\_ junctions between hepatocytes
Polyhedral; 20-30
Eosinophilic
Large; bi
canaliculi
Gap
Hepatocyte surfaces related to:
●__________
●_________
Perisinosoidal space
Adjacent hepatocyte
HEPATOCYTES have a
- Prominent nucleolus
- precise chromatin
- monoploidy
T/F
T
F( Disperse chromatin)
F( polyploidy)
Cytoplasm of hepatocytes have a ____________ appearance
Glycogen-lacey
FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES
●Rough endoplasmic reticulum – for ________
●Smooth endoplasmic reticulum –
•For _____ and ____ reactions
•Conjugation of ____ to ____
•Synthesis of _____
●Golgi apparatus –
•found near ____
•Formation of ____
•Secretion of proteins, ____proteins, ___proteins into plasma
protein synthesis
oxidation, methylation
bilirubin to gluronate
bile acids
nucleus; lysomes
Glyco; lipo
FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES
●Lysosomes –
•for ______ and ____ of organelles
●Peroxisomes – •Important for oxidation of \_\_\_\_\_ •Breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_\_ •Breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_ •Synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_ & some lipids for \_\_\_\_\_
●____ inactivation –by enzyme ______
turnover & degradation
excess fatty acid
hydrogen peroxide
purines to uric acid
cholestrol, bile acids; myelin
Drug; glucuronyle transferase
Polarization of hepatocytes
_______ as sinusoidal surface
________ between adjacent hepatocytes
Microvilli
Bile cananiculi
Bile cananiculi is formed by _______ and sealed by ___ on the 2 sides
Plasma mebranes
Tight junctions
SER - for detoxification and ___ biosynthesis
(Small or large?) number of mitochondria
lipid
Large
Hepatic lobule
______ shaped functional unit consisting of mainly _____.
➢Lobules are separated by connective tissue – _________
➢Branches of the ____,______,______ follow at the corners of the ____
➢and are called _____
Hexagonal
hepatocytes
interlobular septa.
portal vein, the hepatic artery and the hepatic duct
hexagon
portal triad.
Hepatic lobule
Blood flows from the _____ of the lobule toward the _____ of the hexagon there is a ________.
periphery
center
central vein
The central (= \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ) vein gathers blood and transports it to the \_\_\_\_\_ vein, and then into the \_\_\_\_\_ vein.
centrilobular
sublobular
hepatic
Sinusoids
- are (constricted or dilated?) capillaries
- blood from ____ vessels fall into the sinusoids and from them to _____
- ____ and _____ blood gets mixed in the sinusoids
- sinusoids seperates the ____
- they form anastomoses; thus atleast __ surfaces of a hepatocyte is surrounded by blood
Dilated
perilobular
central vein
arterial and venous
hepatic plates
2
Hepatic plates
- hepatic cells in the lobules form On cell (thin or thick?) -layer plates
- within the plates, hepatocytes are arranged in _______
- the cords are actually (straight or branched ?) _________ sheets
Thick
radial cords
branching interconnected
Interlobular artery, vein and duct
Run in the connective tissues at the ____
Edges
Perilobular vein, and artery
(Medial or Lateral?) branch of interlobular vein and artery
Form anastomoses with ____
Continuous with the ____
Lateral
each other
sinusoids
Interlobular artery supplies the interlobular duct
T/F
F
Perilobular artery *
Peribiliar plexus
Network of _____
After supplying the ________, joins to the ______
Fine arteries
interlobular duct
Sinusoids
Interlobular vein
(Regular or Irregular?) shape
(Thin or thick?) wall, only _____ lining
Surrounding ____
May contain ____ cells
Irregular
Thin
endothelial
pericytes
red blood
Interlobular artery
____ or ___ shape
______ media
May contain ______ cells
Round or oval
Muscular
red blood
Lymph vessel
(Regular or Irregular?) shape
(Tough or Delicate?) wall
No ___
Irregular
Delicate
rbcs
Interlobular bile duct
____ or ___ shape
Simple ____ ( small ones ) or
_____ (large ones )
Round or oval
cuboidal
Columnar
Interlobular septa are very definitive in humans
T/F
F
They aren’t
Portal lobule
●Emphasizes _____ function
●Includes those portions of three classical lobules that secrete ___ that drains unto ____
exocrine
bile
bile duct
Portal lobule
- the area from where ___________________
- ______ shaped with ____ at the center and ______ at the edge
an interlobular bile duct collects bile
triangular
bile duct
central veins
Bile canaliculi
is ___µm diameter
Limited by _____ of _____ and _____
Canaliculi empty into _____ lined by ___ cells called ______
1-2
plasma membrane of hepatocytes; tight junctions
bile ductules; cuboidal; cholangiocytes
Canaliculi leads to _____ that leads to _____(______) lined with _________
herring’s canal
cholangioles
bile ductules
cholangiocytes
Direction of bile flow is (opposite or the same ?) to that of blood
Opposite
LIVER ACINUS based on oxygen flow
According to the ____easing oxygen gradient toward the ______, the acinus is divided
➢into 3 zones. Hepatocytes in the zones have different functions.
Decr
central vein
Zone 1:
•(first or last ?) to receive both ____ and ___
➢(first or last?) to die in case of ishemia and the (first or last?) to regenerate
➢(first or last?) to take up glucose to store as glycogen
➢(first or last ?) to show morphological changes following bile duct occlusion
First; nutrients and toxins
Last
First
First
first
Zone 3:
•(first or last?) to show ischemic necrosis
➢(first or last?) to show fat accumulation in obese persons
➢(first or last?) to respond to toxic substances and bile stasis
➢Zone 2: intermediate zone
First
First
Last
LIVER ACINUS
•_______ shaped area
- ____ portal triads
- ___ closest central veins
- Based on nature of blood supply & O2 gradient
- ZONE 1- nearest _______- most O2 & nutrients, oxidative metabolism
- ZONE III –near _____ – least O2 & nutrients, glycolysis, lipid formation,ischemic necrosis
- ZONE II – intermediate range
Diamond
Two
Two
arteriole; central vein
Main Reactions in liver acinus
Zone 1: _______; oxidative energy metabolism; ___ synthesis
Zone 3: ________; ______
gluconeogenesis; urea
glycolysis; lipogenesis
Easy exchange of large molecules between hepatocytes and blood plasma is facilitated by :
➢the sinusoidal wall is lined with ______
➢beside the intercellular fenestrae there are are also _________ in the endothelial cells
➢ the basal lamina is ——— or ______
➢the hepatocytes and the sinusoidal wall is separated by the _________ of ______
➢____ may enter, but _____ and _______ are exluded form the perisinusoidal space
➢ microvilli (___easing surface) of the hepatocytes extend into the _______ (this is the site of ______.
fenestrated endothelial
intracellular pores
discontinous or missing
perisinusoidal space – space of Disse,
plasma; red blood cells and platelets
Incr; space of Disse; exchange
Kupffer cells are Resident _____
➢____ or _____ shaped, (smaller or larger?) , (static or migrating?) cells in the ______
➢are part of the immune system – (precise or diffuse?) _____________________ system (MPS)
➢uptake and degrade foreign and potentially harmful substances
➢____ and _____ in response to hepatocyte damage, bacterial toxins, etc.
Macrophages
triangular or star
Smaller
Migrating; sinusoids
Diffuse ; mononuclear phagocyte system
proliferate and enlarge
Kupffer cells
➢uptake ____ erythrocytes and break down ____
➢store most of the iron in form of ________ - a _____
●hepatocytes store some iron in form of _____
effete
hemoglobin
hemosiderin; pigment
ferritin
Hepatic stellate cells (____ cells)
➢hepatic stellate cell =____ cell = ________ cell
➢located in the _______
➢(can or cannot?) be seen on H&E stained sections
➢strore and metabolize _____
➢produce ________
Ito
Ito; perisinusoidal
space of Disse
cannot
vitamin A
connective tissue of interlobular septa
The liver of many arctic mammals contains poisonous amount of vitamin A
T/F
T
FORMATION OF LYMPH IN THE LIVER
Due to the (small or large?) pores or fenestrations in ______ cells, fluid and proteins in blood flow freely into the space between the _______ and ______ (the “________”), forming lymph.
Lymph flows through the ____ to collect in small _______ associated with ______
Large
sinusoidal endothelial
endothelium and hepatocytes
space of Disse
space of Disse
lymphatic capillaries
portal triads.
Liver regeneration
●Compensatory ____
●Original mass of tissue restored
●Surgical removal produces similar response
●Important in liver transplant
●LIVER STEM CELLS (___ shaped cells)
●Present in initial epitetlium of _____ near portal areas
●Can give rise to ______ and ______
hyperplasia
oval
bile ductules
hepatocytes & cholangiocytes
Liver has m strong capacity for regeneration
T/F
T
