Histology Of Liver Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Largest internal organ is ??

Liver

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Liver is ____g in weight

1500

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Dual Blood Supply of liver

●Input:
●_____% portal vein
●(poor or rich ?) in oxygen
●(poor or rich?) in nutritions and pancreatic hormones ( from the bowels),
●(poor or rich?) in hemoglobin metabolites-bilirubin and heme (from the ____)

Poor

Rich

spleen

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Dual Blood Supply of liver

●Input:
●•\_\_\_% hepatic artery
●(poor or rich?)  in oxygen
●Output:
●\_\_\_\_\_\_ veins lead into  \_\_\_\_\_\_

Rich

Hepatic

inferior vena cava

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The liver is enclosed in a capsule of _______ connective tissue known as _______.

This capsule is (Thin or thick?) capsule

fibromuscular

Gilson’s capsule

Thin

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LIVER LOBULES
●——/____ Lobule
●______ Lobule
●___________

Classic/Hepatic

Portal

Liver Acinus

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Hepatocytes

main cell type in the _____

●have (small or large?) , (round or flat?) (heterochromatic or euchromatic?) nuclei, and one or more nucleoli

●__nucleate cells are common ((paired or unpaired?) nuclei)

parenchyma

Large

Round

euchromatic

Bi; unpaired

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Hepatocytes

•\_\_\_\_\_ shaped cells  \_\_\_\_µm
●\_\_\_\_philic
●(small or Large?) nucleus /\_\_nucleate
●Bile \_\_\_\_\_
● \_\_\_ junctions between hepatocytes

Polyhedral; 20-30

Eosinophilic

Large; bi

canaliculi

Gap

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Hepatocyte surfaces related to:
●__________
●_________

Perisinosoidal space

Adjacent hepatocyte

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HEPATOCYTES have a

Prominent nucleolus
precise chromatin
monoploidy

T/F

T
F( Disperse chromatin)
F( polyploidy)

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Cytoplasm of hepatocytes have a ____________ appearance

Glycogen-lacey

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FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES
●Rough endoplasmic reticulum – for ________

●Smooth endoplasmic reticulum –
•For _____ and ____ reactions
•Conjugation of ____ to ____
•Synthesis of _____

●Golgi apparatus –
•found near ____
•Formation of ____
•Secretion of proteins, ____proteins, ___proteins into plasma

protein synthesis

oxidation, methylation

bilirubin to gluronate

bile acids

nucleus; lysomes

Glyco; lipo

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FINE STRUCTURE OF HEPATOCYTES
●Lysosomes –
•for ______ and ____ of organelles

●Peroxisomes –
•Important for oxidation of \_\_\_\_\_
•Breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_\_
•Breakdown of \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_
•Synthesis of \_\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_\_\_ & some lipids for \_\_\_\_\_

●____ inactivation –by enzyme ______

turnover & degradation

excess fatty acid

hydrogen peroxide

purines to uric acid

cholestrol, bile acids; myelin

Drug; glucuronyle transferase

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Polarization of hepatocytes

_______ as sinusoidal surface

________ between adjacent hepatocytes

Microvilli

Bile cananiculi

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Bile cananiculi is formed by _______ and sealed by ___ on the 2 sides

Plasma mebranes

Tight junctions

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SER - for detoxification and ___ biosynthesis

(Small or large?) number of mitochondria

lipid

Large

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Hepatic lobule

______ shaped functional unit consisting of mainly _____.
➢Lobules are separated by connective tissue – _________
➢Branches of the ____,______,______ follow at the corners of the ____
➢and are called _____

Hexagonal

hepatocytes

interlobular septa.

portal vein, the hepatic artery and the hepatic duct

hexagon

portal triad.

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Hepatic lobule

Blood flows from the _____ of the lobule toward the _____ of the hexagon there is a ________.

periphery

center

central vein

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The central (= \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ) vein gathers blood and
transports it to the \_\_\_\_\_ vein, and then into the \_\_\_\_\_ vein.

centrilobular

sublobular

hepatic

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Sinusoids

are (constricted or dilated?) capillaries
blood from ____ vessels fall into the sinusoids and from them to _____
____ and _____ blood gets mixed in the sinusoids
sinusoids seperates the ____
they form anastomoses; thus atleast __ surfaces of a hepatocyte is surrounded by blood

Dilated

perilobular

central vein

arterial and venous

hepatic plates

Hepatic plates

hepatic cells in the lobules form On cell (thin or thick?) -layer plates
within the plates, hepatocytes are arranged in _______
the cords are actually (straight or branched ?) _________ sheets

Thick

radial cords

branching interconnected

Interlobular artery, vein and duct

Run in the connective tissues at the ____

Edges

Perilobular vein, and artery

(Medial or Lateral?) branch of interlobular vein and artery

Form anastomoses with ____

Continuous with the ____

Lateral

each other

sinusoids

Interlobular artery supplies the interlobular duct

T/F

Perilobular artery *

Peribiliar plexus Network of _____ After supplying the ________, joins to the ______

Fine arteries interlobular duct Sinusoids

Interlobular vein (Regular or Irregular?) shape (Thin or thick?) wall, only _____ lining Surrounding ____ May contain ____ cells

Irregular Thin endothelial pericytes red blood

Interlobular artery ____ or ___ shape ______ media May contain ______ cells

Round or oval Muscular red blood

Lymph vessel (Regular or Irregular?) shape (Tough or Delicate?) wall No ___

Irregular Delicate rbcs

Interlobular bile duct ____ or ___ shape Simple ____ ( small ones ) or _____ (large ones )

Round or oval cuboidal Columnar

Interlobular septa are very definitive in humans T/F

F They aren’t

Portal lobule ●Emphasizes _____ function ●Includes those portions of three classical lobules that secrete ___ that drains unto ____

exocrine bile bile duct

Portal lobule - the area from where ___________________ - ______ shaped with ____ at the center and ______ at the edge

an interlobular bile duct collects bile triangular bile duct central veins

Bile canaliculi is ___µm diameter Limited by _____ of _____ and _____ Canaliculi empty into _____ lined by ___ cells called ______

1-2 plasma membrane of hepatocytes; tight junctions bile ductules; cuboidal; cholangiocytes

Canaliculi leads to _____ that leads to _____(______) lined with _________

herring’s canal cholangioles bile ductules cholangiocytes

Direction of bile flow is (opposite or the same ?) to that of blood

Opposite

LIVER ACINUS based on oxygen flow According to the ____easing oxygen gradient toward the ______, the acinus is divided ➢into 3 zones. Hepatocytes in the zones have different functions.

Decr central vein

Zone 1: •(first or last ?) to receive both ____ and ___ ➢(first or last?) to die in case of ishemia and the (first or last?) to regenerate ➢(first or last?) to take up glucose to store as glycogen ➢(first or last ?) to show morphological changes following bile duct occlusion

First; nutrients and toxins Last First First first

Zone 3: •(first or last?) to show ischemic necrosis ➢(first or last?) to show fat accumulation in obese persons ➢(first or last?) to respond to toxic substances and bile stasis ➢Zone 2: intermediate zone

First First Last

LIVER ACINUS •_______ shaped area * ____ portal triads * ___ closest central veins * Based on nature of blood supply & O2 gradient * ZONE 1- nearest _______- most O2 & nutrients, oxidative metabolism * ZONE III –near _____ – least O2 & nutrients, glycolysis, lipid formation,ischemic necrosis * ZONE II – intermediate range

Diamond Two Two arteriole; central vein

Main Reactions in liver acinus Zone 1: _______; oxidative energy metabolism; ___ synthesis Zone 3: ________; ______

gluconeogenesis; urea glycolysis; lipogenesis

Easy exchange of large molecules between hepatocytes and blood plasma is facilitated by : ➢the sinusoidal wall is lined with ______ ➢beside the intercellular fenestrae there are are also _________ in the endothelial cells ➢ the basal lamina is ——— or ______ ➢the hepatocytes and the sinusoidal wall is separated by the _________ of ______ ➢____ may enter, but _____ and _______ are exluded form the perisinusoidal space ➢ microvilli (___easing surface) of the hepatocytes extend into the _______ (this is the site of ______.

fenestrated endothelial intracellular pores discontinous or missing perisinusoidal space – space of Disse, plasma; red blood cells and platelets Incr; space of Disse; exchange

Kupffer cells are Resident _____ ➢____ or _____ shaped, (smaller or larger?) , (static or migrating?) cells in the ______ ➢are part of the immune system – (precise or diffuse?) _____________________ system (MPS) ➢uptake and degrade foreign and potentially harmful substances ➢____ and _____ in response to hepatocyte damage, bacterial toxins, etc.

Macrophages triangular or star Smaller Migrating; sinusoids Diffuse ; mononuclear phagocyte system proliferate and enlarge

Kupffer cells ➢uptake ____ erythrocytes and break down ____ ➢store most of the iron in form of ________ - a _____ ●hepatocytes store some iron in form of _____

effete hemoglobin hemosiderin; pigment ferritin

Hepatic stellate cells (____ cells) ➢hepatic stellate cell =____ cell = ________ cell ➢located in the _______ ➢(can or cannot?) be seen on H&E stained sections ➢strore and metabolize _____ ➢produce ________

Ito Ito; perisinusoidal space of Disse cannot vitamin A connective tissue of interlobular septa

The liver of many arctic mammals contains poisonous amount of vitamin A T/F

FORMATION OF LYMPH IN THE LIVER Due to the (small or large?) pores or fenestrations in ______ cells, fluid and proteins in blood flow freely into the space between the _______ and ______ (the "________"), forming lymph. Lymph flows through the ____ to collect in small _______ associated with ______

Large sinusoidal endothelial endothelium and hepatocytes space of Disse space of Disse lymphatic capillaries portal triads.

Liver regeneration ●Compensatory ____ ●Original mass of tissue restored ●Surgical removal produces similar response ●Important in liver transplant ●LIVER STEM CELLS (___ shaped cells) ●Present in initial epitetlium of _____ near portal areas ●Can give rise to ______ and ______

hyperplasia oval bile ductules hepatocytes & cholangiocytes

Liver has m strong capacity for regeneration T/F