Intro To Histo

Question 1

Function of digestive system

The molecules are easily absorbed through the lining of the digestive tract mostly in the ______
Water, vitamins and minerals from ingested foods are also absorbed

Answer 1

small intestine

Question 2

The entire gastrointestinal tract has certain common structural characteristics
It is a hollow tube with a lumen of (constant or variable?) diameter and a wall made up of four main layers:

The ____
The _____
The ____
The ____

Answer 2

Variable

mucosa

submucosa

muscularis

serosa

Question 3

The mucosa

Comprises an _____ layer and an underlying ______ of loose connective tissue rich in:
____
_____
_____
____
(Always or Sometimes?) also containing ___ and a (thin or thick?) layer of smooth muscle called the ____

Answer 3

epithelial

lamina propria

Blood vessels
Lymphatics
Lymphocytes
Smooth muscles

Sometimes; glands; thin; muscularis mucosae (MM)

Question 4

The muscularis mucosae usually separates mucosa from ____

Answer 4

submucosa

Question 5

The mucosa is frequently called a mucous membrane

T/F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

The submucosa

contains (more or less?) dense connective tissue with many blood and lymph vessels and the _____ plexus of ______ nerves
It may also contain ____ and lymphoid tissue

Answer 6

More

submucosal; autonomic

glands

Question 7

The muscularis

Is (thin or thick?) and is composed of smooth muscle cells that are ___ arranged into 2 layers:
The inner ____ layer
The outer _____ layer

In the connective tissue between the 2 layers are:
Blood and lymph vessels
________ plexus

Answer 7

Thick ; spirally

circular; longitudinal

Myenteric nerve

Question 8

The myenteric nerve plexus and the submucosal plexus together comprise the _______ nervous system of the digestive tract

They largely contain _____ neurons that function (dependently or independently?) of the CNS

Answer 8

local enteric

autonomic

independently

Question 9

The serosa

Is a (thin or thick?) layer of loose connective tissue rich in:
Blood vessels
Lymphatics and
_________
With a ______ covering epithelium- called the ______

Answer 9

Thin

Adipose tissue

simple squamous; Mesothelium

Question 10

In the abdominal cavity the serosa is continuous with the ______ which support the intestines, and with the ________

Answer 10

mesenteries

peritoneum

Question 11

Mesentery= (thin or thick?) membrane covered by ______ on (one or both?) sides

Answer 11

Thin

mesothelium

Both

Question 12

Peritoneum= ____ membrane that ______

Answer 12

serous

lines the cavity

Question 13

In places where the digestive tract is not suspended in a cavity but is bound to other structures, such as in the ______ , the serosa is replaced by a (thin or thick?) ______

Answer 13

esophagus

Thick

adventitia

Question 14

The adventitia consists of connective tissue containing vessels and nerves, lacking ____

Answer 14

mesothelium

Question 15

Difference between serosa and adventitia

Answer 15

Serosa has mesothelium

Question 16

Functions of the digestive tract’s epithelial lining

Provide a ______ barrier between the contents of the tract and the tissues of the body

Produce mucus for ______ and ____

Answer 16

selectively permeable

lubrication and protection

Question 17

Immunologic support of the gastrointestinal tract

The abundant ______ in the _______ and the _______ layer, in association with the epithelium, provides protection for the GI tract

Answer 17

lymphoid nodules

lamina propria and the submucosal

Question 18

The entire digestive tract, with the exception of the ___,____, and ____ is lined by a simple (thin or thick?) vulnerable epithelium

Answer 18

oral cavity, esophagus and anal canal

Thin

Question 19

The lamina propria located just below the epithelium is a zone rich in ______ and lymphocytes some of which actively produce _____

Answer 19

macrophages

antibodies

Question 20

These antibodies produced by the lamina PROPRIA are mainly immunoglobulin ____ and are secreted into the intestinal lumen bound to a ______ produced by the _____ cells

This complex protects against ____ and ____ invasion

Answer 20

A (IgA)

secretory protein

epithelial

viral and bacterial

Question 21

IgA is resistant to _____ enzymes and can therefore coexist with the ______ present in the lumen

Answer 21

proteolytic

proteases

Question 22

These plexuses are composed mainly of nerve cell aggregates that form small (sympathetic or parasympathetic?) ganglia

The number of ganglia along the digestive tract is variable- most numerous in the regions of ________

Answer 22

Parasympathetic

greatest motility

Question 23

In Hirschsprung disease (______) or Chagas disease (________ infection) the plexuses in the digestive tract are severely injured and most of their neurons are destroyed

This results in disturbances of digestive tract ____, with frequent ______ in some areas

Answer 23

congenital megacolon

Trypanosoma cruzi

motility

dilatations

Question 24

The abundant innervation from the autonomic nervous system that the digestive tract receives provides an anatomic explanation of the widely observed action of ________ on this tract

Answer 24

emotional stress

Question 25

Myenteric or ______ plexus

Submucosal or ________ plexus

Answer 25

Auberch

Meissner